We report the synthesis of CdS nanorods by reacting CdCl 2 nanorods with H 2 S at room temperature. The preparation method was based on CdCl 2 nanorods employed as chemical template. The length and the diameter of the obtained CdS nanorods are about tens micron and 120−300 nm, respectively. The phase and the crystallographic structure of the products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The composition of the products was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).