The essential oils from four wild populations of Lavandula stoechas L. ssp. stoechas of Crete, Greece, have been analysed at the full bloom stage. The main essential oil constituents were α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, fenchone, camphor and myrtenyl acetate, all products of different biogenetic routes. A considerable quantitative variation of the essential oils occurred among the different populations, three of them being fenchone/camphor type and one 1,8-cineole/fenchone type. The variation in the quantitative essential oil composition between leaves and inflorescences was also significant. In all cases, inflorescences contained more fenchone, myrtenyl acetate and α-pinene, while leaves contained more 1,8-cineole and camphor. Additionally, the inflorescences produced notably larger essential oil amounts than the leaves.