Different morphologies of nanostructured bismuth sulfide (Bi 2 S 3 ) including Bi 2 S 3 nanoparticles, nanorods and bundles of nanorods have been prepared successfully by an ultrasonic-assisted liquid phase method and hydrothermal, surfactant-assisted solvothermal method, respectively. The products were characterized by the techniques of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results showed that reaction time, temperature and the use of surfactant would affect the morphologies of resulting products remarkably. The mechanisms that form these different morphologies of nanostructured Bi 2 S 3 were also discussed.