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We studied the reproductive biology of Cipocereus minensis, an endemic columnar cactus of the Espinhaço Mountain Range, Southeastern Brazil, focusing on floral biology, breeding system, and pollination. We described floral morphology and evaluated the role of nocturnal and diurnal pollinators on the reproductive success in two populations. C. minensis has large, horizontal, cream-colored, chiropterophilous...
Current global warming causes range changes and affects the distribution of species. Microendemics are the first affected and the most threatened by climate change. Here, we model the potential range of the rupestrian grassland biome (campos rupestres) in a neotropical, endemic-rich mountain range to project changes in its distribution and biodiversity. Our approach is based on the distribution of...
Sexual dimorphism, such as gynodioecy, is a common sexual system in plants. Few studies have taken into account sexual dimorphism in the context of plant functional strategies. We examine whether different sexes respond similarly to environmental heterogeneity in terms of functional clonal traits. In a greenhouse experiment, a gynodioecious clonal plant Glechoma longituba was subjected to various...
Late floral ontogeny is studied in representative species of the genera of Epidendrum alliance to re-examine the systematic position of the controversial Microepidendrum subulatifolium. Series of late floral stages were sampled from M. subulatifolium, Caularthron bilamellatum, Barkeria uniflora and Epidendrum ciliare. The samples were prepared for scanning electronic microscopy. Several characters...
Biogenic mineral deposits 25–100μm in diameter were observed by microscopic examination of the leaf of mulberry (Morus alba) ‘Ichinose’. Using chemical mapping with scanning electron microscope, the deposits were determined to be opal phytoliths, composed largely of biogenic silica. Phytoliths varied in diameter and were distributed heterogeneously within a leaf. Many phytoliths were observed in close...
The effects of salinity, temperature and their interactions on germination were evaluated for Limonium tabernense Erben, a halophytic perennial endemic plant, which grows in arid environmental conditions in the Tabernas Desert (SE Spain). Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different salinities (0, 100, 200 and 400mM NaCl) on seed germination under different temperature regimes...
Competitive interactions are among the crucial determinants of plant invasion. Most invasive species are more competitive than native species, with the strongest competition expected between species that share similar niches and/or those that are closely related. Because many habitats can be invaded by several non-native species, the competition between alien plants has an increasing importance. The...
Eokochia saxicola (Guss.) Freitag & G. Kadereit is a very rare and endangered endemic species of Southern Italy and one of the rarest plants in Europe. It grows only on calcareous or volcanic sea cliffs and is supposed to be the remnant of an old lineage, being considered an ancestor within the Chenolea clade (tribe Camphorosmeae). Given that data on the biology and ecology of this species are...
Heavily “armed” with trichomes, the hypostomatic leaf of Ficus carica L. is investigated with light and scanning electron microscopy. Histochemical tests were also applied to trace the secondary matabolites produced in the leaf of this well known, Mediterranean tree with the delicious fruits. Numerous idioblasts with crystals, laticifers and sized lythocysts appear within the compact mesophyll. Protective...
Plant morphology, anatomy, ultra-structure and metabolism are deeply affected by salt stress. Although salt mixtures occur naturally in soils there are few studies considering their effect in plant salt tolerance, particularly in halophytes. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the salt mixture Na2SO4+NaCl at different concentrations on the anatomy of Prosopis strombulifera,...
The sensitivity of coastal plants to salinity and sulphide influences their performances in salt marshes. The combined effects of salinity and sulphide on the germination characteristics of three coastal plant species (Suaeda salsa, Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora) were studied under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Treatments included three salinity levels (0, 250 and 500mM)...
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