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Diurnal and seasonal fluctuations in gas exchange and water relations were examined in the field during a 21 month's period in the drought semi-deciduous shrub Phlomis fruticosa L., in an attempt to reveal environmental factors that may limit its growth and distribution. P.fruticosa is an eastern Mediterranean malacophyllous plant dominating the so called “phryganic” ecosystem in Greece (synonym to...
The plant communities of the alpine zones of the volcanoes Tajumulco, Tacaná and Acatenango, i.e. the vegetation above the upper timberline of the subalpine Pinus hartwegii forest were for the first time studied phytosociologically. Two communities were distinguished and described, namely (1) Luzula racemosa-Arenaria bryoides and (2) Lupinus montanus-Calamagrostis vulcanica. Indirect ordination (DCA)...
The effects of age, high temperatures and passage through the gut of fox and cow on germination of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) seeds were analyzed. Seeds were collected from fruits and from faeces in the Nature Reserve of Sierra de Grazalema (S Spain); they were separated into various sets which were subjected to different treatments before being sown in Petri dishes to test their germination. Results...
A litter removal experiment, in combination with analyses of soil chemistry and seed bank, were performed to investigate the role of these factors for seedling recruitment of herbs and grasses in a deciduous forest fragment in Sweden. An additional experiment was used to investigate effects of seed availability and seed predation on germination of one selected species, Anemone nemorosa. Removal oflitter...
The concept of ecological morphology of woody plants is based both on the exact description of single structural elements and architecture. These must be described under optimal environmental conditions (ideal phenotype) as well as on variations in the ideal phenotype induced by changes in the environment (modifications). The latter result in degeneration and subsequently deviation from the ideal...
The flowers and fruits of Noronhia emarginata show several unusual characters, compared to the other Oleaceae with drupaceous fruits, such as a corona tightly enclosing the stamens and the ovary, stone cells already present in the ovary wall, in the mature fruit not restricted to the endocarp but also scattered in the mesocarp, a shifting of the ovules during fruit development, and an unusual type...
Two contiguous topo-sequences in the Orinoco Llanos were analyzed. The results indicated that the relief functioned differentially in the two environmental situations involving ancient alluvium from the Guarico River covered by the Trachypogon savannas and a swamp palm community, and recent alluvium from the Orituco River covered by a seasonal gallery forest, a seasonally flooded palm savanna, and...
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