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Vegetation patterns along environmental gradients in the typical temperate desert from the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains to the southern edge of Dungaree Basin were quantitatively investigated. The results implied that the soil mechanical composition in the study area affects the vegetation distribution remarkably. With concern to the preference to fine grain, the order is Tamarix ramosissima...
Plants of 19 annual taxa from the hygro-nitrophilous vegetation of Central European river banks and dried ponds were exposed as seedlings for 42 days to either natural long days (LD=ca. 15.5h) or artificial short days (SD=11h). Phenological and morphological growth parameters such as first flowering, main stem length, leaf size and plant dry weight were measured and compared. Based on their day-length...
Secondary growth in the stem of Dolichos lablab is achieved by the formation of eccentric successive rings of vascular bundles. The stem is composed of parenchymatous ground tissue and xylem and phloem confined to portions of small cambial segments. However, development of new cambial segments can be observed from the obliterating ray parenchyma, the outermost phloem parenchyma and the secondary cortical...
The large mistletoe family, Loranthaceae, contains 75 genera, three of which are terrestrial root parasites. The remaining 72 genera are aerial parasites. Four basic haustorial system types are found in aerial genera: epicortical roots (ERs), wood roses, clasping unions and bark strands. The focus of this report is on genera in which ERs are present. Presence of ERs is based on our worldwide collection...
Church forests are sanctuaries for different organisms, ranging from microbes to large animals, which have almost disappeared in most parts of northern Ethiopia. Despite the actual and potential significance of these forests, studies and documented information on their bio-physical features and socio-economic setting are either scanty or totally lacking. A study was, therefore, carried out in seven...
An optimized protocol was established to isolate large numbers of mature living pollen protoplasts of Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. and Picea wilsonii Mast. Intact pollen grains of P. bungeana or pollen with short tubes were incubated with gentle agitation in a solution of 2% cellulase R-10, 1.5% macerozyme R-10, 15% sucrose, 0.01% H 3 BO 3 , and 0.01% CaCl 2 . Intact pollen...
We used a double germination phenology or “move-along” experiment (sensu Baskin and Baskin, 2003) to characterize seed dormancy in two medicinal woodland herbs, Collinsonia canadensis L. (Lamiaceae) and Dioscorea villosa L. (Dioscoreaceae). Imbibed seeds of both species were moved through the following two sequences of simulated thermoperiods: (a) 30/15°C→20/10°C→15/6°C→5°C→15/6°C→20/10°C→30/15°C,...
Muscari tenuiflorum Tausch is a bulbous, perennial, facultative wintergreen geophyte native to Central Europe, where it is rare and vulnerable. In Central Europe, M. tenuiflorum occurs in xerothermic plant communities in regions with low precipitation. This article reviews the taxonomy, morphology, karyology, ecology and population biology of the species.
Ecological plasticity, i.e., inter-population differentiation of the species Teucrium flavum was analyzed on the basis of morpho-anatomical variability of its five populations from the maquis (Cisto-Ericetea and Cisto-Micromerietea), rocky grounds (Festuco-Brometea) and rocky crevices (Asplenietea rupestris) in the Eumediterranean and sub-Mediterranean region. Univariate statistic analysis included...
Seedling density and survival was studied in holly woodland located in the mountains of the Sistema Central, Madrid (Spain) in 1998. Ten permanent quadrats of 50×50cm were randomly placed in each of the following habitats: under closed holly canopy, in canopy gaps, at the edge of the holly woodland, in the adjacent open grassland, and under fleshy- and dry-fruited shrubs located in this grassland...
Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to study leaf and stem fine structure of the drought deciduous green-stemmed Mediterranean shrub Calicotome villosa (Poiret) Link. (Leguminosae). Each leaf consists of three small obovate leaflets with abundant but small (16μm length) anomocytic stomata on both surfaces. Adaxial surface exhibits more than double stomatal density (440±8mm −2 ...
The effects of time of seed maturation and dry seed storage and of light and temperature requirements during seed incubation on final germination percentage and germination rate were assessed for the invasive shrub Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) D.C., grown under desert environmental conditions of the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Seeds were collected from Fujira on the northern coast of the UAE at different...
The physiological response of leaves developed in low light (L) on Fagus crenata seedlings exposed to different levels of high light (H: high light, M: medium light) was studied. Measurements were conducted on potted seedlings in the F. crenata forest understory. The seedlings with leaves developed in L were transferred to H (L–H) and M (L–M) in summer. On exposure to high light, the photochemical...
The aim of this study was to determine if the mistletoe Struthanthus aff. polyanthus shows host specificity, and if host abundance and twig architecture influence this specificity in Cerrado (senso strictu). An area of 1.3ha of natural savanna was sampled for the occurrence of the mistletoe. The twigs of the hosts were classified as vertical or horizontal, and the bark as smooth or rough. We sampled...
The breeding system of the European tussock grass Nardus stricta L. (Poaceae) was investigated with pollination experiments. Plants were sampled from two populations at Lake Pukaki, Canterbury, New Zealand, where the species is recognised as an alien invader. Bagging of flowers with king-sized cigarette paper and hand-pollination were used to test for three modes of reproduction in the greenhouse:...
Mt. Teide (Tenerife, Spain) is a high volcanic island mountain with an unusually low tree line elevation (2000–2100m). While searching for the causes of this tree line depression, we analysed the concentrations of total N, available P, and salt-exchangeable Ca, K and Mg in three soil horizons, and the foliar N, P, Ca, K and Mg concentrations in six abundant plant species (trees, shrubs, forbs) along...
Cross sections of petioles in 35 species of Astragalus mainly belonging to sect. Rhacophorus were studied for circumscription of natural groups within the section and reliable characters in delimiting polymorphic species. The following characters were determined to be informative: number of parenchymatous cell layers in pith, diameter of median sclerenchymatous vascular bundle sheath and diameter...
Sowing experiments were used to study seedling recruitment, growth and biomass allocation patterns in the perennial forest herbs Aconitum septentrionale and Actaea spicata in relation to the microbial soil community. Glucose and nutrients were added every second week over a 3-year period to manipulate soil microbial activity and nutrient availability. The glucose was added (400gglucosem −2 ...
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