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Vacuum diffusion bonding between Al 2 O 3 –TiC ceramic composites and W18Cr4V tungsten-based tool alloy has been carried out by using Ti/Cu/Ti multi-interlayer. Element distribution near the Al 2 O 3 –TiC/W18Cr4V interface was discussed and fracture morphology was analyzed using electron probe microanalysis. Additionally, phase constitutions of the Al 2 O ...
Ni:SiO 2 granular films have been prepared by atom beam sputtering technique under ambient conditions. These films have been subsequently annealed at 200–600°C temperature. GAXRD and TEM analyses show the growth of Ni particles and improvement in crystallinity with increase in annealing temperature. Selected area electron diffraction and XPS analyses show the presence of a small quantity of...
In this communication, we are numerically investigating the nucleation and growth of nanoparticles in the context of a supersonically expanded thermal plasma assisted process, using the Nodal General Dynamic Equations (NGDE) model. The dependence of particle size distribution on reactant injection rate and sample collection chamber pressure is investigated. The possible effect of particle charging...
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief and Author, because of extensive overlap with a previously published paper (Vacuum, 83 (2008), 408-411, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vacuum.2008.05.003). The author takes full responsibility and sincerely...
This paper investigates, theoretically and experimentally, the applicability of the Space-Time Enlargement Law to vacuum-insulated systems. A discussion on how characteristics of possible vacuum breakdown mechanisms determine the distribution function of the breakdown voltage random variable is presented. By superimposing effects of electrode surface enlargement and inter-electrode gap enlargement,...
The method of Electron Beam-Physical Vapour Deposition (EB-PVD) for handling large substrates is well established in the metallurgical industry, where sweeping axisymmetric electron guns or multiple pencil guns are routinely used to cover a large target area. The non-uniformity in current density in those methods can be overcome, to a large extent, by using the strip-type electron gun. In this paper,...
The Bi 3.15 Nd 0.85 Ti 3-x Zr x O 12 (BNTZ) thin films with Zr content (x = 0, 0.05, 0. 1, 0.15, and 0.2) were prepared on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si (100) substrates by chemical solution deposition (CSD) technique. The crystal structures of BNTZ films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of Zr contents on the ferroelectric, dielectric properties,...
The ion energy distribution of inductively coupled plasma ion source for focused ion beam application is measured using a four grid retarding field energy analyzer. Without using any Faraday shield, ion energy spread is found to be 50 eV or more. Moreover, the ion energy distribution is found to have double peaks showing that the power coupling to the plasma is not purely inductive, but a strong parasitic...
Surface photovoltage of semiconductors depends strongly on their electronic structures, in particular, their Fermi energy level. This offers a possibility to characterize photoelectronic behavior using the Kelvin probe structure by measurements of Work function (WF). In this paper, ZnO films were prepared using the CVD method and theirs microstructures and morphology were characterized using the XRD...
The ZnO films were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition at various oxygen pressure on single crystal silicon substrate. The structural and optical properties were investigated at various measurement temperature. The results showed that all the films have good c-axis preferred orientation. The different defects in films were fabricated which can be caused by various oxygen pressure. The films deposited...
Transparent and conductive Al-doped (2 wt.%) zinc oxide (AZO) films were deposited on inexpensive soda-lime glass substrates by using rf magnetron sputtering at room temperature. This study analyzed the effects of argon sputtering pressure, which varied in the range from 0.46 to 2.0Pa, on the morphological, electrical and optical properties of AZO films. The only (0 0 2) diffraction peak of the film...
Cr-containing diamond-like carbon films were deposited on silicon wafers by a combined linear ion beam and DC magnetron sputtering. The influence of the bias voltage on the growth rate, atomic bond structure, surface topography and mechanical properties of the films were investigated by SEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, AFM, and nano-indentation. It was shown that the chromium concentration of the films...
A considerable decrease in permeability of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films by means of surface plasma treatment in a reactive ion etching system is reported. The effects of oxygen and hydrogen radio frequency plasma on the surface properties of PET polymers are investigated by infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS). The surface morphology...
For aerospace manufacturing, the perseverance for improving performance (high strength to density ratio) and reducing weight and costs has motivated consideration of welding techniques applicable to aluminum alloys. During fusion welding of aluminum alloy (AA) 2024, the avoidance of defects (e.g., porosity, oxides, solidification cracking, undercutting) and the optimization of the microstructure-property...
Langmuir probe diagnostics is performed on microwave ECR generated plasma that is routinely being used in our laboratory for plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (CVD) and metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) applications. Diagnostics is performed on Argon plasma when the plasma generation chamber was new and also after the prolonged use of this chamber for plasma assisted CVD applications...
In this paper, the metal to ceramic transition of the Al–N 2 system was investigated using classical reactive pulsed-DC magnetron sputtering and HIgh Power Impulse Magnetron Sputtering (HIPIMS) at a constant average current of 3 A. Optical emission spectroscopy measurements revealed more ionised aluminium species in the HIPIMS discharge compared to pulsed-DC sputtering. It also showed excited...
It is demonstrated that a theory which predicts that ripples produced by ion bombardment are transported across the surface, as a result of the surface gradient dependence of the sputtering rate, is invalid and that its modification reveals their stationary behaviour. Other processes which could lead to such transport are examined.
Sulfur doping of diamond samples produced by the hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process using carbon disulfide highly diluted in ethanol and hydrogen has been investigated. The polycrystalline morphology observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the characteristic diamond Raman peak were practically not affected by addition of CS 2 in the range of 0.8–2.0% by volume...
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