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In this study, the focusing characteristics of three-dimensional trapezoidal focusing electrodes for carbon nanotube field emitters are analyzed by the combination of the finite-difference time-domain and particle-in-cell methods. To investigate the divergences of the electrons, the three-dimensional trajectories of the electron beams are simulated by evaluating the electrons’ positions and momentums...
Polycrystalline LaNiO 3 /SrTiO 3 /Si(100) (LSS) conducting substrates were fabricated by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. LSS substrate is a potential candidate for the multiferroic materials for use as bottom electrode. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with EDX system, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and electrical resistivity...
TiO 2 nano-structured thin films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering and annealed in ambient air for 1 h at 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200 °C, respectively. Their phase structure, surface topography, and energy gap were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, atomic force microscope, and fluorescence spectrometer. Photocatalytic activity of the films was evaluated by light induced degradation...
Influence of oxygen adsorption on CO chemisorption behavior over W(110) surfaces was studied using valence band spectra and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). In the absence of O, CO formed a tilted and a vertical structure at 120K on W(110). In the presence of O coadsorbate, in contrast, formation of the tilted structure of CO was suppressed. CO desorption from oxygen-covered W(110) surfaces...
A 99.99% pure Mg target was irradiated with 100 shots of a Q-switched pulsed Nd:YAG laser (1.064 μm, 9 ns, 1.1 MW) in a vacuum ∼10 −3 mbar to generate ions from laser-produced plasma (LPP). CR-39 detectors were positioned at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90° with respect to the normal of the target surface. The LPP Mg ions made tracks on the detectors, which were then etched in 6 N NaOH solution for 8 h...
Fabrication of ZnS thin films having similar stoichiometry at different substrate temperatures (T S ) e.g. 200 °C, 300 °C and 400 °C by means of RF magnetron sputtering method is presented. The films grown at T S of 200 °C are in cubic zinc-blende phase and textured along (111) plane. The films deposited at T S of 300 °C and 400 °C are in hexagonal wurtzite phase. The surface...
Investigations are performed on significant parameters of Hard X-Rays emitted from metallic plasmas. Nd: YAG (1064 nm, 9–14 ns, 1.1 MW) laser is irradiated on three 4 N pure Lead (Pb), Platinum (Pt) and Copper (Cu) targets under vacuum ∼ 10 −3 torr. The plasma plume images were captured by Charged Coupled Device (CCD). The Hard X-rays were detected by Photomultiplier tube. The signals thus...
Rare earth and transition metal doped (NdFeCo) thin films were fabricated on Si (100) substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique keeping the substrate at constant temperature of 300 °C. A KrF Excimer laser (248 nm, 20 ns) was used as an energy source for the deposition. Thin films were deposited without and under the influence of transverse magnetic field applied across the plume. The applied...
Highly transparent ZnO nanomaterials have been successfully dispersed in the form of nanoparticles and nanorods on InGaN/GaN-based surface mounted light emitting diodes (SM-LEDs). An effortless spin-coating technique is employed to disperse the ZnO nanoparticle layers, and a well-known hydrothermal technique is used for growing the ZnO nanorods. The layer thickness and the light transmission at a...
Ultrathin gold films with different thicknesses were prepared by direct current magnetron sputtering technique and analyzed by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and temperature-varying four-wire technique. For thicknesses d < 24.1 nm, both D avg {111} and D avg {220} increase rapidly with the thickness. For 24.1 ≤ d ≤ 97.8 nm, D avg {220}...
Applying reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering method, nanoparticle vanadium pentoxide thin films were deposited onto glass slides and KBr substrates at different substrate temperatures. The films were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. Infrared spectra were recorded with a Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer. It was found that, excepting...
The results of an optical emission spectroscopy study of low-pressure microwave induced discharge in argon, argon–hydrogen (0.9% H 2 ) and hydrogen–argon (5% Ar) mixture are reported. At four different pressures the Boltzman plot of relative ArI line intensities is used to measure electron excitation temperature, which was close to 3000 K in argon and in argon–hydrogen mixture discharges....
Reactive evaporation technique has been used to deposit thin films of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) on crystalline Si substrates at ambient temperatures in an electron beam (e-beam) evaporation system using alumina granules as evaporant material. The loss of oxygen due to dissociation of alumina has been compensated by bleeding high purity oxygen gas into the system during evaporation. A set...
The preferred (110) oriented aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films have been prepared by pulsed laser deposition on p-Si (100) substrates. The films were characterized with X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The results indicate that the AlN thin films are well-crystallized when laser energy...
Fluorocarbon (FC) films have been deposited using pulsed and continuous wave (cw) radio frequency (rf) plasmas fed with hexafluoroethane (C 2 F 6 ), octafluoropropane (C 3 F 8 ), or octafluorocyclobutane (C 4 F 8 ). The effects of feed gases used, discharge pressure, rf power, substrate positions and discharge modes (pulsed or cw) on the deposited films...
Modeling of low-speed gas flows at moderate Knudsen numbers, where conventional continuum CFD methods are inapplicable and kinetic methods are either inaccurate of prohibitively expensive, presents a significant challenge for computational modeling. In this work, an approach that combines a finite-volume solution of the ES-BGK model kinetic equation and the statistical DSMC method to accurately predict...
In this paper, we propose a new approach to determine the adjustable parameters of differential elastic cross-section of Bentabet et al. approximation. The resultant approximation is an analytical expression that can be used to study the interaction of electron beams with solid targets. This approximation is applied for the energy range up to 100 keV, to calculate some quantities such as: the mean...
The AlN based solidly mounted resonators utilizing the all-metal conductive Bragg reflectors have been demonstrated. The devices with different reflectors of Mo/Ti, W/Ti and AlN/Mo pairs have been fabricated and the frequency responses have been compared. The bottom electrode is incorporated into the conductive Bragg reflector, thereby reducing the parasitic resistance and the damping of the acoustic...
Transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films of Mo-doped In 2 O 3 (IMO) were prepared on glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering from the 2 wt% Mo-doped In 2 O 3 ceramic target. The depositions were carried out under an oxygen–argon atmosphere by varying the deposition temperature from 200 °C to 350 °C. The crystal structure and thickness of IMO thin...
In this article a vacuum control system for the Australian International Gravitational Observatory (AIGO) research facility is described. The very large UHV vacuum system requires ultra-low hydrocarbon partial pressures and must be protected in order to prevent contaminations due to accidents. The system utilizes an Ethernet based remote automated system and supports dynamic monitoring of the entire...
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