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The mass analysis of gas mixtures using quadrupole mass spectrometers is a well developed analytical technique which is routinely used with great success. The spectrometer's ionisation source is commonly one in which electrons from a heated filament are accelerated to around 70 eV before impacting with the gas samples. There are significant advantages, however, in being able to use other electron...
In this paper, the molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) has been used for a calculation of the activities of components of Pb–Sn–Sb ternary alloy system. The separation coefficients of the related binary alloys Sn–Pb and Sn–Sb and the vapor–liquid phase equilibrium of the Pb–Sn–Sb alloy system were also calculated by using the MIVM. Experiments for the separation of the Pb–Sn–Sb ternary alloy...
The Au–ZnO nanowire films have been synthesized in two steps by combining the chemical routes, i.e. electrochemical deposition (ECD) and chemical bath deposition (CBD) techniques, and annealing process in air at 400 °C on zinc foil. The X-ray diffraction patterns exhibit formation of the ZnO wurtzite structure along with binary phases Au 3 Zn and AuZn 3 . The scanning electron microscope...
We have used copper-coated carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CuCFRP) for the construction of high and ultra-high vacuum chambers. The vacuum performance is found to be comparable to typical stainless steel used for this purpose. In test chambers we have reached pressures of 2 × 10 −8 mbar and measured a desorption rate of 1 × 10 −11 mbar l/s m 2 ; no degradation over time...
Theoretical models of arc roots need a good knowledge of physical constants characterizing contact material. With pure metals, all the constants are well known, whereas for the new industrial materials made with silver alloys some of these parameters are still not known. The purpose of this paper is to get a better understanding of emission of electrons occurring in an alloyed cathode submitted to...
In this work, the composition evolution of yttrium silicate coatings was investigated during r.f. sputtering from a γ-Y 2 Si 2 O 7 compound target, focusing on the effect of Ar pressure, target-substrate distance and r.f. power. By controlling the number of collisions between Ar gas and target species, glassy coatings with the stoichiometry of Y 2 SiO 5 and...
A multi-opening orifice is a device for the primary measurement of gas flows and related vacuum quantities. This device maintains a constant molecular flow regime and thus the possibility to very accurately calculate the conductance from the geometrical dimensions for relatively high pressures, and the value of the conductance is sufficiently high to achieve reasonable parameters of the vacuum system...
F-Doped SnO 2 (FTO)/Cu bi-layer films were grown at room temperature on polymer substrates with different copper layer thickness by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering of Cu and pulsed laser deposition of FTO. We investigated the structural, electrical, and optical properties of bi-layer films at various thicknesses of Cu layer. As the Cu layer thickness increases, the resistivity decreases...
In this paper, we prepared the CIGS thin films with various [Cu]/[In + Ga] ratios by selenization of Cu 0.8 Ga 0.2 and In 2 Se 3 precursor films. The properties of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 film and related solar cell were investigated. Raman spectra confirm that the secondary Cu 2−x Se phase tends to segregate at film surface. SEM results show that the grain-size...
In this study, In 2 O 3 films were prepared by three methods and resulted in three different film structures. We firstly produced In 2 O 3 polycrystal films by the evaporation of In source under oxygen ambient. In the second attempt, In 2 O 3 (111) films were fabricated by oxidation of In films. The surface scattering contributed to the resistivity of...
Electron beam welding (EBW) with multi-beam is a novel method to decrease weld cracks, which is suitable for welding the parts in aero industries. We studied EBW with multi-beam on high temperature titanium alloy, which was refers to simultaneous EBW with electron beam (EB) preheating or post-heating. We proposed the ratio of the power for welding and preheating or post-heating, and modeled temperature...
Air-exposed silver surface is investigated in a multifunctional ultrahigh vacuum system to find out the quantitative relation between thermal treatment and the electron-induced secondary electron yield (SEY). Silver-coated samples are heated in the range of about 100–320 °C for up to 120 min, and thermal desorption is characterized. The SEY is then measured in situ as a function of primary electron...
This paper was aimed at purifying praseodymium by vacuum distillation under two fractions and the purification process of praseodymium was studied. The detailed analysis of purified Pr was obtained by glow discharge mass spectrometry (GDMS) for 35 major impurity elements. High vapour pressure impurities in praseodymium melt, namely Mg, Al, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Sm, Dy, Ho and Er were obviously reduced...
Tungsten-doped titania coatings have been deposited from a Ti-5 at.% W alloy target in HiPIMS mode. The coatings were weakly crystalline and showed mixed anatase/rutile structures in the as-deposited condition. Their photocatalytic activity was assessed in terms of the degradation rate of methylene blue dye. The W-doped coatings showed no improvement in activity, compared to pure titania coatings...
The effect of a surface oxide layer on platelet growth in H 2+ -implanted Si was investigated. Samples of p-type Cz Si (100) and the same Si covered with a 170 nm thick thermal oxide layer were implanted with H 2+ ions to a fluence of 2.5 × 10 16 H 2+ /cm 2 at room temperature. Post-implantation thermal annealing at temperatures between 773 K...
The influence of heat treatment from 1900 to 2650 °C on microstructure and thermal expansion properties of thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (TCVI)-infiltrated 2D carbon/carbon composites was investigated. The structure evolution was characterized by polarized light microscopy, X-ray diffractometer, Raman spectroscopy and thermal expansion behavior was studied by thermal dilatometer. The...
Er 3+ -doped TiO 2 thin films were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. The effects of Er 3+ concentration and annealing conditions upon up-conversion fluorescence were studied. The result shows that 490 nm green emission and 670 nm red emission can be obtained from Er 3+ -doped TiO 2 thin films excited by 980 nm lasers. TiO 2 thin films with 1.0 mol%...
The flexible polymer solar modules are fabricated by glass substrate transfer technology. The deposition system of silicon thin film solar cell deposited directly on glass substrate is used to prepare flexible ones. In addition, the process of module cascade is compatible with one on the glass substrate. A conversion efficiency up to 5.38% of 100 cm 2 flexible amorphous silicon thin film solar...
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