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A versatile and batch-fabrication approach was developed to deposit the mono-dispersed and stable beta-bismuth oxide (β-Bi 2 O 3 ) nanospheres on graphene sheets by electrolyte-assisted co-precipitation method appended with a hypothermia step. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that well-distributed β-Bi 2 O 3 nanospheres with an average size of about...
Diffusion bonding of TiAl intermetallic to Ti 3 AlC 2 ceramic was carried out using Zr and Ni foils as interlayer. The interfacial microstructure and joining properties were characterized by electronic microscopy investigation and shear strength test, respectively. The microstructure observations revealed that the general interfacial microstructure of the joint bonded at 850 °C was...
Beside its conventional applications such as improving the wear resistance of machine parts and tools, plasma thermochemical treatment (PTT) can be successfully used as a method for surface modification to achieve specific surface properties. Surface electrical conductivity of austenitic stainless steel sheets, for example, can be significantly enhanced by means of plasma nitriding. Such materials...
The use of a short coaxial plasma line termed the “plasma bulb” has been investigated for enhancement of the wettability of aluminum (Al) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) surfaces. In comparison with other plasma lines, the plasma bulb uses a single magnetron for microwave generation that could produce plasma for surface treatment. For the treatments of Al and PMMA surfaces, various plasma parameters...
Mo–Al–N films with various Al content (3.7 at.%–18.3 at.%) were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering and the effects of Al content on the microstructure, mechanical, oxidation resistance and tribological properties of Mo–Al–N films were investigated. The results showed that the synthesized Mo–Al–N films exhibited the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with (111)-preferred orientation. The oxidation...
An experimental analysis of the interaction of a rarefied jet plume with a cylinder-plate system is presented. The main goal is to show that the gas rarefaction can change the distribution of pressure between the two bodies quite unpredictably. The geometrical configuration has been proposed as test case to investigate the development of plume that are typically present in complex structures on spatial...
The NiO films were sputtered by radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering at different oxygen partial pressures. The structures, electrical and optical properties of the NiO films were investigated. The resulting films were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometer (UV). The electrical properties were measured by Hall system....
Transformation from h-BN (boron nitride) to fullerene-like e-BN with increasing N 2 ratios (fN2, 20–33%) has been found in a radio frequency magnetron sputtering deposition by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) examination suggests that the stoichiometric e-BN molecule contains equal numbers of sp 3 and sp 2 bonds at...
By means of magnetron sputtering method, pure Ti film with thickness of 1.25 μm was deposited on the surface of 5083 Al alloy specimens. The specimens were heated by ion bombardment in a plasma nitriding unit employing a mixed gas of N 2 and H 2 at 460 °C for 16 h. The treated surface layers of specimens were characterized by using SEM equipped with EDS, TEM, XRD analysis and nanoindentation...
In this work, a simple and different technique of generation of a metallic capillary discharge plasma is being studied. The capillary is initially evacuated to a low pressure of below 10 −2 Pa. The transient hollow cathode discharge (THCD) produces high energy electron beam that subsequently is employed to vaporize the anode material that will inject into the capillary and initiates the discharge...
Gas flows induced by arrays of absorbing surfaces of various shapes are met in several vacuum technology devices, like NEG or cryogenic pumps. In order to obtain a simplified model of low pressure gas dynamics driven by surface absorption, flows of rarefied gas binary mixtures past arrays of absorbing plates are studied by numerical solution of a system of coupled and spatially two-dimensional Boltzmann...
Purification process of MG-Si was limited by the difficulties involved in reducing boron content. The possibility of removing impurity boron (B) in MG-Si using CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 –CaF 2 slags was investigated in the present study. Different from traditional research methods, the whole melting process was carried out under atmosphere condition, which was closer to the...
Cd 1−x Zn x Te (CZT) has a band gap tailored continuously from 1.45 to 2.26 eV and is therefore a potential candidate for the top cell in tandem solar cell applications. In this paper, Cd 0.6 Zn 0.4 Te: Cu thin films were fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering from three targets (ZnTe, CdTe and Cu). X-ray diffraction patterns show that the as-deposited films were the...
The effect of rapid thermal annealing temperature on the structural and electrical properties thin ZnO films grown on GaAs substrate by atomic layer deposition is thoroughly investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis show that atoms interdiffusion can be observed at the interface of ZnO/GaAs heterostructures after annealing in oxygen ambience at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the conductivity of ZnO...
This paper reports the measurements of dc cathode sheath thickness d together with the voltage drop U across it at different current I values in nitrogen. For the case of a narrow gap when the discharge consists only of a cathode sheath and a negative glow almost all voltage applied across the electrodes drops across the cathode sheath. We observe that at the nitrogen pressure p < 1 Torr, as well...
Pulsed discharge plasma is a rapid and high-efficient option for organic pollutants contaminated soil remediation. In order to optimize the coupling of pulsed power supply and plasma reactor, and enhance pollutant removal in soil by pulsed discharge plasma, power circuit parameters and reactor configuration such as adjustable trim capacitance, discharge needle number, and discharge voltage were optimized...
The problem of rarefied gas flow into vacuum through a short circular pipe is studied numerically by solving the Boltzmann kinetic equation. Comparison of the results obtained with the exact and S-model collision integrals is presented across a large range of Knudsen numbers. Computed values of mass flow rate are also compared against the DSMC results and experimental data from existing literature.
Results of comprehensive structural and microchemical analyses revealed the mechanisms responsible for changing the <111> to <001> competitive growth texture of TiN films when the level of oxygen doping was 20 at.%. It has been shown that the growth competition is related to the different way of segregation-incorporation of the oxygen species on the {001} and {111} crystal faces. Oxygen...
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