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ZnO and SnO2 thin films were deposited on glass and Polyetherimide (PEI) flexible substrates by spray pyrolysis deposition at low temperature (250 °C). The structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) reveals that PEI promotes the crystallization of ZnO and SnO2 thin films while the films deposited on glass substrate are amorphous. The physical investigations show that ZnO/PEI and SnO2/PEI...
In the present study, the optical constants of niobium carbide (NbC) in soft x-ray wavelength region of 6–15 nm have been determined using angle dependent x-ray reflectivity measurements. Experimentally measured optical constants (δ and β) are compared with tabulated values of Henke et al. The δ values are found 5–30% lower than the bulk value whereas deviation in beta values is around 5–38%. To the...
This article focusses on the development of a basic system that can be used to investigate the emission of thermographic phosphors at various temperatures. In order to achieve this a standard photoluminescence system was utilised and modified. Modifications include a purpose-built heating unit, used to measure and control the phosphor material's temperature, a beam splitter together with a power meter...
This article reviews the recent development and application of four types of space miniature mass spectrometers including magnetic sector mass spectrometer, quadrupole mass spectrometer, ion trap mass spectrometer and time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The advantages and the disadvantages of such mass spectrometers are briefly discussed. Finally, the expectations for improved properties and development...
In the present work, microstructural and optical properties of Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) doped Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thick film is investigated. Two samples undoped ZnO and 2 wt % CdS-doped ZnO thick film have been fabricated on the glass substrate. The fabricated film is characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). X-ray diffraction patterns showed that crystallite size decreasing...
The common procedure to calculate vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE) from an ideal gas and activity coefficient model is evaluated. The reliability of these calculations is assessed through a quantification of the uncertainty in the thermodynamic data of Ag–Pb and Au–Pb binary alloys and propagation of this uncertainty in the calculation of a prediction interval for the vapour–liquid equilibrium results...
In the present work, we first synthesized widely used conducting polymers like polythiophene (PTh), polypyrrole (PPy) and polyaniline (PANI) by oxidative coupling method. Later, we have in-situ grown cadmium sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (QDs) in presence of these conducting polymers to form CdS/polythiophene (CdS/PTh), CdS/polypyrrole (CdS/PPy) and CdS/polyaniline (CdS/PANI) hybrid nanocomposites. All...
The tensile, flexural and compressive properties of the Ti-Al laminated composite were investigated respectively to explore the deformation behaviors in microcosm. The SEM observation on the tensile fracture morphology showed that delamination initiated at the interface and no cracks went through Ti and Al layers. During bending process, micro cracks appeared when the bending angle reached 120°. While...
In this study, a Cu foam was used as the interlayer to enhance the brazing strength of ZTA/TC4 joints. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the interfacial microstructure of the joints, which is determined to be ZTA ceramic/Ag(s,s)+Cu(s,s)/TiO + Ti3(Cu,Al)3O/Ti2Cu3/TiCu/Ti...
A novel recycling process was developed to produce vanadium aluminum (AlV55) alloy using vanadium aluminum (AlV65) alloy scrap and aluminum (Al) under vacuum. The theoretical calculation indicates that Al can be evaporated under vacuum. Excessive Al would be consumed during melting process when the reaction temperature ranges from 1823 to 2123 K, according to the theoretical calculation, which indicates...
The magnesium oxide (MgO), which is a thermodynamically stable material, has great property of sensing in liquid medium. To keep this point, the present work was designed to show the preparation of cubic shaped MgO nanoparticles (CNMgO) by wet chemical reaction and their sensing purposes in presence of hydrazine solution. The processed material was characterized with X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD)...
Surface Cr-Ni alloying of Ti6Al4V alloys was achieved by double-glow plasma surface metallurgy technology. The adhesion strength and nano-indentation hardness of Ti-CrNi alloy coatings with 20, 40, 60, and 80 at% Ni contents were investigated respectively. Effects of process on the metallographic structure, tensile strength and fatigue resistance of Ti6Al4V alloys were analyzed in detail. The results...
The Nb-doped β-Ga2O3 (β-Ga2O3:Nb) thin films have been deposited on the p-Si and Au nanoparticles decorated p-Si substrates by radio frequency magnetron technique in argon ambient. All the annealed β-Ga2O3:Nb films are composed of similar crystallite sizes obtained by XRD and SEM measurements. The β-Ga2O3:Nb thin film grown on the Au nanoparticles decorated substrate shows lower transmittance and...
By using Y2O3 nanoparticles, instead of part of Al2O3, acting as filler, Y2O3-modified aluminide coatings were produced on 309 stainless steel using a conventional pack-cementation method at 600 °C for 8 h. For comparison, normal aluminide coating was also produced using pure Al2O3 acting as filler. Effect of Y2O3 on the coating microstructure and oxidation resistance at 900 °C was comparably investigated...
The drive current of MOSFETs becomes more and more difficult to be estimated as the device size keeps scaling down. Conventionally, for a long channel device, the surface-channel drift current of MOSFET is considered only, and it is convinced that as the drain voltage increases, the inversion charge density near the drain site is going to decrease and approaches to zero forming the pinch-off point...
In this work, we have prepared MoS2 nanoflakes modified TiO2 nanoparticles (MoS2-TiO2 nanocomposite) with varying concentration of MoS2 (2.5–10 wt.%) by a two-step hydrothermal synthesis method involving specific preparation conditions for the TiO2 nanoparticles and MoS2 nanoflakes. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy...
A Ti-TiC-Fe cermet composite with a core-shell structure was fabricated by an in situ reaction at high temperature. The TiC-Fe cermet layer was formed at the interface between Ti and the gray cast iron (GCI). The XRD results indicate that the TiC-Fe cermet layer is composed mainly of α-Fe, Ti, and TiC. The statistical results of the electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) indicate that the grain...
A backward facing micro-step is a building block for many microfluidic devices. Due to micron sized characteristic dimensions, the gas flow in such a geometry is rarefied in nature. Such rarefied gas flows are widely solved using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) technique. Flow separation, circulation and re-attachment are some of the basic characteristics of step flows. The objective of this...
The effects of friction stir processing and Ti3AlC2 particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al 7075 were investigated. Microstructural observations showed considerable grain refinement in the base metal and the aluminum- Ti3AlC2 composites. After one pass of friction stir processing, a uniform distribution of particles was not obtained. However, after four passes, particles were...
SnS thin films were prepared using a simple two-stage process. The two-stage process involved in sputtering of Sn over glass substrate followed by sulfurization of sputtered Sn at 350 °C. The sulfurization process was carried out in the ambience of sulfur for different time lengths, 10–120 min and its influence on physical properties are reported. XRD study showed that the films sulfurized at 10 min...
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