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An amorphous Ni–Ti–Hf film was fabricated through DC magnetron sputtering deposition. The crystallization and microstructural evolution of the amorphous Ni–Ti–Hf film was observed via in situ transmission electron microscopy. Composition segregation occurred after crystallization for different grains. The grains showed two phases, namely, B19′ martensite for Ni49.78Ti35.13Hf15.09 and B2 austensite...
The high power impulse magnetron plasmas (HIPIMS) were employed as a novel deposition technique, which had the benefit of providing a high ionization degree. In contrast, due to the ion return effect, the deposition rate was relatively low compared to the conventional direct current. In this paper, the external electric field and external magnetic field enhanced simultaneously the HIPIMS ((E-MF)-HIPIMS)...
The present work studied the fracture behaviour of a brittle film/ductile substrate under a sphero-conical indenter. To understand the effect of film thickness, the amorphous carbon films were prepared with different thicknesses, i.e. 140 nm, 400 nm and 1300 nm, on a poly-ether-ether-ketone substrate. It was found that multiple ring-like cracks occur for all the films under nanoindentations. However,...
A pure Magnesium (Mg) bar clad by a drilled Fe coat was successfully processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) using a die with a crossing angle of 90°. After annealing, a large number of equiaxed grains appeared in the microstructure, manifesting that static recrystallization took place in the annealing process, and the microstructure was the most homogeneous after annealing at 200 °C for...
In this work, damage results of four 12 mm × 12 mm × 5 mm PLANSEE double forged tungsten target samples exposed in INTI PF device at different distances from anode operating in the fast focus mode at 12 kV, 2.5 Torr deuterium are presented. SEM and EDX images and analysis show the extent of damage on the exposed tungsten surface. Micro-cracks up to 300 nm and 500 nm to 5 μm holes together with signs...
To provide power to electronic sensors operating at low power, we prepared multi-layered-stack thermoelectric generators using radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Prior to the preparation of thermoelectric generators, Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3 thin films were deposited on glass substrates followed by carrying out thermal annealing at temperatures ranging from 200 to 400 °C in order to investigate and...
In order to modulate the electrical properties of Au/n-InP contacts, the insertion of an Al2O3 layer deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) was employed. All the samples with an Al2O3 layer showed the increased barrier height compared to the sample without Al2O3 layer. The barrier height was also found to be almost constant regardless of the Al2O3 thickness. Analysis on the reverse bias current...
In this study, bimodal size (TiB + Y2O3)/near α-Ti composites were fabricated by in situ casting route. The uniformly distributed micron TiB and micro-or nano size Y2O3 lead to significant changes in matrix microstructure and compressive properties. With the decreasing of TiB/Y2O3 volume ratios, significant refinement of α colony and gradual improvement of compressive strength can be obtained. As...
Carbonaceous thin films show poor adhesion when deposited on steels. Chromium, titanium, and silicon-containing interlayers are generally used in order to prompt adhesion. This work shows a systematic study of the hydrogen effect on the physical-chemical properties of a-SiCx:H interlayers deposited by using hexamethyldisiloxane on AISI 4140 at low temperatures (85 °C–180 °C). In particular, the effect...
•InN epilayers were prepared by plasma-assisted MBE at different nitrogen fluxes.•The nitrogen flux is critical to influence the physical properties of the InN layers.•InN samples exhibited streaky cum spotty RHEED patterns at different N2 fluxes.
AlxCrFeNi multi-component alloys were fabricated by vacuum arc-melting to study the effect of homogenization on microstructures of as-cast and homogenized alloys using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Besides, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity of as-cast and homogenized alloys were also investigated. The results showed that no obvious...
Thin, durable, uniform, isotopic targets of 193Ir, 187Re, 182W, 181Ta, 175Lu and 169Tm of thicknesses ∼80 μg/cm2, 60 μg/cm2, 70 μg/cm2, 175 μg/cm2, 110 μg/cm2 and 270 μg/cm2, respectively, have been fabricated on carbon backing by physical vapor deposition technique for nuclear reaction studies at Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi. Preparation of very thin self-supporting targets...
In this study, anodic TiO2 nanotube (TNT) arrays with average nanotube diameter from 26 nm to 115 nm and length from 1.3 μm to 6.4 μm were grown by electrochemical method. Anodization process were performed under different voltages from 10 to 50 V in ethylene glycol – ammonium fluoride – water electrolyte. Formation mechanism of TNTs was summarized. Surface morphology, crystal structure, roughness,...
The gradient nanocrystalline structure from the top surface to the subsurface layers of 321 austenitic stainless steel alloy was fabricated by means of severe shot peening. The microstructural evolutions including the grain size distribution and phase transformation were investigated in-depth. Experimental results showed that the dislocation slipping plays a key role in the grain refinement of this...
The pressure regulator is a critically important element in a pneumatic system. It reduces the pressure of a high-pressure air source to the required level for a given pneumatic load and maintains it at a steady level. However, the pressure reduction between the inlet and outlet of a pressure regulator results in a significant power loss, especially when the pneumatic load requires only a low pressure...
A Ni20Cr/Cr2O3 composite powder was successfully processed by controlling different mechanical milling conditions. The powder was heat treated at various temperatures to evaluate the effects of fine Cr2O3 particles additions on the microstructure of the Ni20Cr matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated an earlier oxidation temperature of the composite powder (250–270 °C) compared to the oxidation...
CuO hollow microspheres were synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process. Copper nitrate trihydrate (Cu(NO3)2·3H2O) was used as copper source and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was used as soft template. The morphology and crystal structure of products were systematically investigated by XRD, FESEM, TEM, FT-IR and BET. CuO hollow microspheres were identified as monoclinic structure. The hollow...
W-Nb-N coatings with Nb content ranging from 0 to 13.2 at.% were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering technique. The influence of Nb content on the structure and mechanical properties was investigated. The results show that Nb atoms substitute W atoms forming the solid solution W-Nb-N. All the coatings exhibit a single-phase face-centered cubic (fcc) structure and the preferred orientation changes...
In the present work, the effect of the selenium incorporation in between the Sn-ZnSe-Cu precursor layers on growth of Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films by employing selenization is reported. Multiple stacks of precursors (Sn/Se/ZnSe/Se/Cu/Se) were sequentially evaporated in high vacuum onto soda lime glass substrates held at 100 °C and their subsequent selenization at 350 °C using a tubular furnace led to the...
Copper readily forms three oxides, CuO, Cu4O3 and Cu2O, widely recognised as the most promising p-type oxides because of their desirable optical and electrical properties and potential use in solar cells, transparent electronics as well as other specialised applications such as electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries, catalysis and memristors. For large-scale implementation of devices, magnetron...
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