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Liquid lithium has bright prospect for plasma facing material and coolant application in fusion experimental devices. To improve the safety performance of liquid lithium system, valve is necessary to be applied in the circuit and will be installed in the vacuum vessel. A compact structure of freezing valve, which can be operated under high vacuum, high magnetic field and high temperature (180 °C–320 °C)...
In this article a mathematical model of multi-tip field cathode is presented. The field emitters periodic system for rectangular lattice serves as a field cathode on a flat substrate. A flat anode is parallel to the substrate. A unit cell with the individual field emitter is considered to calculate the electrostatic potential distribution. The effect of the field emitter on the distribution of the...
A new ultrahigh vacuum transportable apparatus for vacuum gauge calibration in the pressure range from 10−5 Pa–105 Pa is developed. On the basis of modularization design, it can be easily extended and assembled. A standard pressure pstd with various gas species can be generated by means of pressure attenuation module which is easy to introduce the corresponding calibration gas through an orifice....
TiAlN/ZrN multilayered coatings with the modulation ratio (the thickness ratio of sub-layer A and sub-layer B) changing from 1:1 to 1:3 were deposited by multi-arc ion plating technology. Air-annealing at 500 °C and 800 °C were conducted to evaluate the oxidation resistance of the coatings. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Vickers...
The Penning discharge structure was designed to produce plasma anode used in a high current pulsed electron beams source. The cylindrical anode of diameter 80 mm and height 30 mm was powered by a pulse voltage of ∼5 kV. The plasma discharge characteristics were investigated by means of oscilloscope, current sensor and digital camera. The results show that the plasma discharge goes through two main...
The electromagnetic wave propagation in plasmas has been investigated based on the hypothetical parameters in a number of previous literature, but the results can't mirror the feature of real plasma sources for waves. In this paper, the two-dimension parameters of Ar inductively coupled plasma (ICP) are investigated under high and low pressure by multi-physics coupling analysis method. Meanwhile,...
In this study the effects of low temperature plasma nitriding on the characteristics of different austenitic stainless steels, CrNi-based (AISI 304L and AISI 316L) and CrMn-based (AISI 202), were compared. Samples were nitrided at 400 and 430 °C, at 1000 Pa for 5 h, and their microstructure, phase composition, microhardness and corrosion resistance were evaluated. The characteristics of modified surface...
High performance Bismuth Vanadate (BiVO4) nanopigment was synthesised in patented solution spray reactor using precursor Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and NaVO4 as precipitant in presence of Tween-80 surfactant. The functional group, crystal structure, morphology and size of BiVO4 nanopigment was analysed by FTIR, XRD, FESEM and Particle Size Analyser. Spherical particles of monoclinic BiVO4 nanopigment of average...
The effect of different bias frequencies during the etching of magnetic tunneling junction materials in an inductively coupled plasma with rf pulse biasing (50% duty percentage) on etch characteristics was investigated. The decrease of rf bias frequency from 13.56 MHz to 400 kHz while keeping the same average dc bias voltage at −300 V increased not only the etch rates of MTJ related materials but...
The Front Opening Unified Pod (FOUP) is used for wafer storage and transport to prevent contamination from internal and external exposure. The FOUP may be contaminated by gases from manufacturing process or by the chemical compounds emitted from the stored wafers in the FOUP. Moisture, oxygen, and Airborne Molecular Contaminations (AMCs) are common sources of many defects and failures of chips. Moisture...
The use of hard chromium electroplated coatings for industrial and decorative applications is widespread. However, there seem to be some defects like the existence of an extensive micro-cracks network that restrict their applications. They affect corrosion resistance due to formation of direct routes to the substrate through which corrosive agents could reach the main metal. Plasma nitriding process...
This work focuses on the direct grafting of polypropylene (PP) with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) in the high energy plasma conditions to obtain hydrophilic surface even after its multiple washing by organic solvents. The plasma polymerisation of TEOS led to the introduction of the silicon-containing functional groups on the PP surface. However, using this method, two kinds of materials on the TEOS-grafted...
Bi2Te3 alloys were fabricated through thermal annealing of multilayered Bi/Te thin films as well as by co-sputtering of Bi and Te. In both cases, sharp X-ray diffraction peaks of Bi2Te3 were evidenced, indicating good crystallinity. It was found that the heterogeneous interface suppressed the grain growth in the multilayered samples considerably, and thus the thermal conductivity was reduced as a...
Hydrogenated amorphous carbon films were synthesized on silicon, silicon nitride (Si3N4) ceramic balls and SUS304 by using linear ion beam deposition technology. To investigate the annealing effect on the thermal stabilities of the films on Si3N4 balls, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nanoindentation, stylus profiler...
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