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Electromagnetic properties of doped perovskites depend sensitively on the doping level. Both the superconducting transition temperature of Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca(Pr)Cu 2 O 8+δ compounds and the magnetic and electronic transport properties of La(Sr)Co(Fe)O 3 perovskites change dramatically with the doping level. Apart from doping, oxygen deficiency is influenced by the...
The content and the type of non-metallic inclusions in the as-cast ingot for open-die forgings made from 26NiCrMoV145 steel were determined. The standard methods for the determination of non-metallic inclusions are suitable only for the wrought steels, so a modified standard method for the determination of the non-metallic inclusions in the as-cast steel was performed. Analyzed samples were taken...
The adhesion improvement of biocompatible thin films on medical metal alloy substrates commonly used for joint replacement implants is studied. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) and carbon nitride (CN) thin films are, because of their unique properties such as high hardness, wear resistance and low friction coefficient, candidates for coating of medical implants. However, poor adhesion on substrates with...
In order to guide the high energy proton beams inside its two 27km long vacuum rings, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva, makes use of superconducting technology to create the required magnetic fields. More than 4000 beam screens, cooled at 7–20K, are inserted inside the 1.9K beam vacuum tubes to intercept beam-induced heat loads and to provide dynamic vacuum stability. As extremely high...
We have studied thermal stability of GdScO 3 and LaLuO 3 films prepared by liquid injection metal-organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). In the present work, we report on the characterization of LaLuO 3 and GdScO 3 thin dielectric films by SIMS and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. In both GdScO 3 and LaLuO 3 films, SIMS analysis revealed...
Wide angle beam ellipsometry developed by our group uses non-collimated illumination with a special light source and arrangement giving multiple-angle-of-incidence and multiwavelength information. Our aim was to make our wide angle beam ellipsometer suitable for spectral measurement and to obtain the spectra of many points along a long line (presently 0.2m but it could be increased up to 1m if necessary)...
Al doped zinc oxide (AZO) layers were deposited onto soda lime glass substrate by reactive magnetron sputtering. Properties of the reactive plasma were monitored. Our results show two characteristic behaviors (hysteresis and oscillation). A qualitative physical explanation for spontaneous and stable plasma oscillations is provided. Necessary conditions for the formation of the oscillation phenomena...
Surface treatment at higher pressures has become an important issue of plasma science and technology. The analysis of processes in such plasmas is now often based on computer modelling; however, the main problem of simulation in medium and higher pressures is the increasing number of collisions among plasma particles and because of this, decreasing efficiency of simulations. A combination of experimental...
Depending on the growth temperature, Ru growth on Pt(111) proceeds preferentially via nucleation and growth of bilayer islands [Hoster HE, Iwasita T, Baumgärtner H, Vielstich W. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2001;3:337]. The physical origin for this growth behaviour was investigated by scanning tunnelling microscopy. The role of the lattice mismatch is elucidated by comparing Ru growth on Pt(111) with that...
Effects of annealing and ion etching on the structural, electrical and optical properties of sputtered ZnO:Al (AZO) thin films were investigated. The post-deposition annealing at temperatures T A =200–400°C in the forming gas (80% N 2 /20% H 2 ) for 1h and ion RF-sputter etching after annealing were used. Ion-sputter etching rate was 7nm/min. The surface topography changed...
Modern particle accelerators require UHV conditions during their operation. In the accelerating cavities, breakdowns can occur, releasing large amount of gas into the vacuum chamber. To determine the pressure profile along the cavity as a function of time, the time-dependent behaviour of the gas has to be simulated. To do that, it is useful to apply accurate three-dimensional method, such as Test...
One of the most important processes in Cu metallization for highly integrated circuits is to fabricate reliable diffusion barriers. Recently, thin films made of refractory metals and their compounds have been widely used in solid-state electronics as barriers because of their good electric properties, favourable thermal properties and chemical stability. Thermal stability of Tantalum (Ta) and Tantalum-oxide...
The photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) study compares electronic states in three different ceria thin film surfaces prepared on a Cu(111) single-crystal surface by vapour deposition under different conditions: at 250°C, at room temperature and finally Au-doped ceria film obtained by simultaneous deposition of Au and CeO 2 at room temperature (RT). Electronic properties of the layers and interaction...
The direct current (DC) conductivity of amorphous–nanocrystalline Si films deposited by the plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition method was studied as a function of the structural properties obtained by Raman spectroscopy and grazing incidence small angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS).The crystalline fraction estimated from the Raman spectra altered between 0 and 60% while the average size of the...
Thin composite layers (tin in plasma polymer matrix) were prepared in a stainless steel vacuum chamber. An RF powered magnetron with tin target was used to excite the discharge and to activate the monomer species (n-hexane). The gas mixture introduced comprised Ar and n-hexane vapours. The properties of the films and chemical composition were characterized by AFM (surface morphology), TEM and Electron...
The electron field emission (EFE) properties of silicon nanostructures (SiNSs) coated with ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) were characterized. The SiNS, comprising cauliflower-like grainy structure and nanorods, was generated by reaction of a Si substrate with an Au film at 1000°C, and used as templates to grow UNCD. The UNCD films were deposited by microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition...
Two complementary vacuum system simulation programs, “MCTPVac” and “Pressure Profile”, have been developed and tested at Diamond and used to model sections of the Diamond storage ring. The MCTPVac program implements the Monte Carlo Test Particle (MCTP) method in 3 dimensions. The Pressure Profile program uses a 1-dimensional method based on a steady-state diffusion equation. The validity of the MCTPVac...
One of the most remarkable features of nanostructured materials is that their optical response due to plasmon excitation is very sensitive to their geometry and composition. The interaction of charged particles with the electron gas of the considered system is one of the most used methods to excite and study collective excitations (plasmons). In this work we study the similarities and differences...
Diffusion on the nanoscale in multilayer, thin films has many challenging features even if the role of structural defects can be neglected and ‘only’ the effects related to the nanoscale arise. Recently, we have discovered different examples for diffusional nanoscale effects, which are summarized in this contribution. Interface shift kinetics may be different from the ones predicted by continuum approximations...
With the successful circulation of beams in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), its vacuum system becomes the world's largest vacuum system under operation. This system is composed of 54km of ultra high vacuum (UHV) for the two circulating beams and about 50km of insulation vacuum around the cryogenic magnets and the liquid helium transfer lines (QRL). The LHC complex is completed by 7km of high vacuum...
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