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Objective: Extrauterine leiomyomas are rare events. These tumors may be easily misdiagnosed as ovarian tumors at the clinical investigation. We present the first case of an otherwise healthy postmenopausal woman, hysterectomized 20 years ago, who developed a preperitoneal lipoleimoyoma in the 30-year-old scar of a Pfannenstiel incision. The patient received continuous hormone replacement therapy (HRT)...
Objectives: This research examines women's intentions to use or to continue to use HRT, as a function of perceived advantages and disadvantages of HRT and perceived social support for utilising HRT. Methods: A cross-national sample of 205 pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women convened in 33 'Women's Health Discussion Groups' in small, mid-sized, and large cities across the regions of Canada. Participants...
Objectives: Two randomized open-label studies were performed to evaluate fully transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with oestradiol (E 2 ) and norethisterone acetate (NETA) in postmenopausal women. Methods: Both hormones were delivered by transdermal matrix patches changed twice weekly. Subjects received E 2 , 50 μg/day and NETA, 170 μg/day or 350 μg/day, either continuously...
Our report concerns a patient with a climacterium praecox and an X-chromosomal anomaly (86% 46, XX; 7% 47, XXX; 7% 45, X0) desiring to give birth. She conceived once after down-regulation of the gonadotrophins by means of a cyclical hormone replacement therapy followed by gonadotrophin stimulation, as well as a second time under down-regulation with a GnRH-analogue and gonadotrophin stimulation. On...
Objectives: To determine the endometrial safety of oral 17β-oestradiol combined continuously with dydrogesterone in preventing endometrial proliferation. Methods: The low dose group comprised three 52-week (13 cycles of 28 days) studies (two of which were double blind) using a 17β-oestradiol dose of 1 mg daily combined with dydrogesterone 2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg daily. The high dose group comprised two...
Metabolic activations or inactivations of estrogens, progesterone and androgens are important steps towards the understanding of the physiological and the pathological effects of these hormones in the female organism. Analysis of the tissue specific metabolic pathways of sex steroids will result in a better understanding of successful hormone replacement therapy on the one hand and of the occurrence...
Objectives: Poor postural stability and muscular strength in postmenopausal women are associated with increased risk of falls and fractures. This study examined whether these risk factors for falls differed according to habitual physical activity and menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use. Methods: Subjects were 117 postmenopausal women (mean age 65.3+/-6.0 years); of whom 70 had taken HRT...
In North America and Northern Europe, breast cancer incidence rates begin increasing in the early reproductive years and continue climbing into the late seventies, whereas rates plateau after menopause in japan and less developed countries. Female gender, age and country of birth are the strongest determinants of disease risk. Family history and mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are important...
Objective: A number of studies have consistently shown a lower cardiovascular risk in women who received postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). The aim of our study was to examine the effects of HRT on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, which were likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Methods: We measured erythrocyte and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive...
Objectives: This Internet-based survey questioned middle-aged women (age 35-69) regarding their current attitudes, beliefs, symptoms, and treatment choices surrounding the climacteric. Methods: 448 respondents completed the 189 item, WEB-based survey that included measures of quality of life, lifestyle habits, anxiety symptoms, and questions regarding attitude toward and sources of information about...
Although the minimal dose of 17β-estradiol in hormone replacement regimens was originally considered to be 2 mg/day, it is now increasingly accepted that a lower dose of 1 mg/day is effective in protecting women from the detrimental effects of the menopause. A 1-year, multicentre, double-blind, randomised study was conducted in 214 healthy postmenopausal women in order to assess the effect of 17β-estradiol...
Objectives: To compare the absorption of estradiol from a transdermal gel and a novel matrix-type patch and to study the variability in absorption. Methods: Twenty-four healthy postmenopausal women were treated in an open, randomized, cross-over study for 18 days with 1.0 mg estradiol daily as a transdermal gel and a transdermal patch releasing estradiol 50 μg/24 h without a wash-out between the periods...
Objectives: We investigated whether the phenotype of apolipoprotein E (apo E) would influence the response of postmenopausal Japanese women to hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Methods: We measured the plasma levels of lipoprotein and apolipoprotein in 242 postmenopausal women at baseline and again after 12 months of HRT. Patients were divided into three groups according to apo E phenotype: E2+ (E2/2...
Despite declining death rates due to stroke over the last several decades, stroke remains the third leading killer (after heart disease and cancer) of women in most developed countries. Because stroke not only kills but also leaves many survivors mentally and physically impaired, control of the disease must be through primary prevention. Several observations lead to the speculation that estrogen may...
Background: Several studies have suggested that women who choose to use hormone replacement therapy (HRT) already, before starting this therapy, have a better cardiovascular risk profile than those who do not use it. Some of these studies contain factors of confusion and biases, such as HRT users' greater educational achievement or physical activity, which could have led to wrong conclusions. Aim:...
Background: Observational and experimental data underscore the cardioprotective effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). On the other hand, the randomised trial available, the 'Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study (HERS)', showed no reduced risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), using HRT. Aim: Opinion survey on the effect of HRT on CHD risk. Setting: Identification of articles on the...
Objective: To demonstrate that hypoestrogenism in menopause is in part responsible for the decrease in circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) and ACTH levels. To test this hypothesis, 25 postmenopausal women aged 47-60 years, were given orally conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) to study the effect on circulating DHEA-S, cortisol and ACTH. Design: A prospective, non-blinded study was performed...
Objectives: We studied the effect of hormonal treatment on skin ageing in menopausal women. Methods: Twenty-four patients (45-68 years; mean age, 54.9 years) without hormone treatment for at least 6 months were included. Patients were assigned to three therapy groups: 1, oestrogen only (Estraderm TTS(R) 50) (n=6); 2, transdermal oestrogen and progesterone (Estraderm TTS(R) 50 and 0.4 mg progesterone...
Objective: To determine the effect of raloxifene (RLX) and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) levels and the apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-A1 (apo-B/apo-A1) concentration ratio, markers of serum atherogenicity, in postmenopausal women. Methods: Three hundred and ninety healthy postmenopausal women aged 45-72 years were enrolled in a double-blind,...
Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of combining kava extract with hormone replacement therapy in the treatment of menopausal anxiety. Materials and methods: HAMA score was evaluated before and after therapy in four groups of women in menopause (duration of menopause ranged from 1 to 12 years). The groups were treated with hormone replacement therapy (with and without progestogens) and kava extract...
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