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Six hundred women aged between 45 and 54 were randomly selected from the electoral roll in Brisbane, Australia. A questionnaire addressing their symptoms, hormone status and psycho-social factors was successfully administered to 381 women (64% of the original sample; 83% of those contactable). Although cardiovascular symptoms were experienced by 25% of the sample, the most common (hot flushes) ranked...
We reported the results of a randomized cross-over study comparing SH D 461 M (Climen) and Prempak-C in 38 postmenopausal women who were established users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Climen contains 11 tablets of 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV), and 10 tablets with 2 mg EV plus 1 mg of cyproterone acetate. Prempak-C, on the other hand, is a regime consisting of 28 tablets of 0.625 mg conjugated...
Objective: To describe changes in the withdrawal bleeding pattern and endometrial histology during a sequential 17β-estradiol -- dydrogesterone regimen in postmenopausal women. Design: Open-label, non-comparative, prospective study. Setting: Gynecological outpatient department of a university hospital. Patients: Twenty-seven healthy non-hysterectomized postmenopausal women. Interventions: Continuous...
Within a study on menopausal discomforts, 2322 women were seen for the first time at the Outpatients Department for Climacteric Disturbances and Prophylaxis of Osteoporosis at our clinic. Amongst routine hormonal examination we measured prolactin levels. We found hyperprolactinemia in 23 women. Furthermore, in 224 women who initially had normal hPPL values, an estrogen-gestagen replacement therapy...
Previous studies conducted at our clinic suggested that the administration of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women could result in the inhibition of oestrogen-induced prolactin (PRL) release. The aim of this study was to determine how the pituitary function is affected by the sequential addition of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) to oestrogen replacement therapy. Twenty-one...
Forty-nine immigrated South-American (SA) and 48 Swedish women, aged 42-67 years, were studied in a comparative semi-structured interview survey, concerning the climacteric and its treatment. The mean age at natural menopause was 47 for the South-American women and 50 for the Swedish women. The prevalence of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms at the time of the survey did not differ significantly...
Peaking in young adulthood, both bone mass and muscle strength decrease with ageing, but bone loss may accelerate after the menopause and can be delayed by estrogen replacement therapy (ERT). This study was designed to evaluate whether, like bone density, the muscle strength was affected by the onset of menopause and/or ERT. First grip strength (GS) of young female adults (group III; n = 18; age...
We reported the results of a randomized cross-over study comparing SH D 461 M (Climen) and Prempak-C in 38 postmenopausal women who were established users of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Climen contains 11 tablets of 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV), and 10 tablets with 2 mg EV plus 1 mg of cyproterone acetate. Prempak-C, on the other hand, is a regimen consisting of 28 tablets of 0.625 mg conjugated...
The knowledge, beliefs and experience of 60 women with HRT was studied when the women were premenopausal, and 10 years later when they were postmenopausal. Thirty-eight women had taken HRT by 1993. In 1993 women no longer considered clinics and self help groups to be the most useful sources of information about the menopause. They were more likely to think that doctors' knowledge of HRT was not...
The aim of our study was to examine the effects of hormone replacement on the size of the uterus and the development or increase of myomatas. Fifty perimenopausal women were included in the study (53.8 ± 5.0 years). Patients received a substitution therapy composed of a combination of 4 mg estradiolvalerate and 200 mg prasteronenantate (Gynodian Depot cartridges) given as a muscular injection in...
Objectives: To compare the effects of a non-oral combination of a transdermal oestradiol patch (50 μg daily) and an intrauterine device (IUD) releasing 20 μg of levonorgestrel daily on the serum pattern of lipids and lipoproteins with an established oral regimen of a daily dose of 2 mg of oestradiol and 1 mg of noretisterone acetate. Methods: An open, randomized study comprised of 40 healthy, early...
The aim of our controlled study was to evaluate peripheral microcirculation at the level of the nail-fold capillaries in relation to menopause status and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A total of 105 postmenopausal women were randomly allocated to three different HRT groups of equal size. A fourth group of 35 similar healthy volunteers served as controls. HRT was either peroral...
Objective: To compare the influence on lipid metabolism of two discontinuous, sequentially combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens. Study design: In an open, randomized study in 60 women, a full lipid profile including Lp(a) and liver function tests were assessed in a fasting state at the end of treatment cycles 6 and 12. Group A was treated with 2 mg oestradiol valerate (days 1-21)...
The effects of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the epidermis are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to model and measure the influence of estrogen-transdermal HRT on subtle physiological changes taking place in the epidermis during the perimenopause. Skin capacitance and transepidermal water loss were measured both on normal-looking skin and at the site of a plastic occlusion...
The extent of menopausal and postmenopausal hormone use in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden during 1981-1992 was studied by means of drug sales figures and associations between hormone use, education, employment and occupational status, by questionnaire surveys in each of the respective countries in the 1980s-90s. According to sales figures, hormone use has been different in each of the countries...
Objective: To investigate the effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism of two doses (5- or 10 μg/24 h) of levonorgestrel released from an intrauterine device (IUD) in combination with orally administered estradiol (2 mg estradiol valerate) in perimenopausal women. Design: A 1-year prospective randomized single blind clinical trial. Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ostra Hospital,...
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of a continous estrogen, cyclic progesterone replacement therapy on the secretion of growth hormone (GH) and IGF I as well as of somatometric-GH correlation patterns. Methods: The study included 23 healthy postmenopausal women. Of the proband group 13 randomly selected women were treated with orally applicated 2 mg estradiol-valerat...
Objectives: To compare immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in endometrial stromal cells with endometrial morphology during three regimens of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. Methods: Endometrial samples for morphological examination and immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody against IGFBP-1 were obtained from 30...
Objectives and methods: The epidemiological literature was reviewed in order to evaluate the relationship between hormone replacement therapy and risk of cancer in the breast and reproductive organs. Results: For breast cancer, there is no evidence of an overall increase in the risk. According to several studies, but not all, the duration of intake seems to affect the risk. Many years of intake of...
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