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Objective: to develop a condition-specific quality of life questionnaire for the menopause with documented psychometric properties, based on women's experience. Methods: Subjects: Women 2-7 years post-menopause with a uterus and not currently on hormone replacement therapy. Questionnaire development: A list of 106 menopause symptoms was reduced using the importance score method. Replies to the item-reduction...
Objective: to develop a condition-specific quality of life questionnaire for the menopause with documented psychometric properties, based on women's experience. Methods: Subjects: Women 2-7 years post-menopause with a uterus and not currently on hormone replacement therapy. Questionnaire development: A list of 106 menopause symptoms was reduced using the importance score method. Replies to the...
Few studies have considered the effects of menopause on sexuality. Large studies with representative samples using postal questionnaires have included only a few sexual variables. More comprehensive studies have tended to employ non-representative samples that raise questions concerning generalization of findings. Major problems in existing research have been: failure to collect data on variables...
In this paper a number of methodological issues relating to research on the relationship between the menopause, mood and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are discussed. These issues relate to problems of design and statistical analyses, problems which have prevented the reaching of definite conclusions regarding the relationship between menopause, mood and hormones. These problems are discussed...
Objective: to develop a condition-specific quality of life questionnaire for the menopause with documented psychometric properties, based on women’s experience. Methods: Subjects: Women 2–7 years post-menopause with a uterus and not currently on hormone replacement therapy. Questionnaire development: A list of 106 menopause symptoms was reduced using the importance score method. Replies to the item-reduction...
This paper re-examines the association between menopause and depression using data from a study in which 477 women were interviewed 6 times over a 3-year period. Menopause is examined as one of a series of factors which may increase the risk of depression for women in middle age, such as children leaving home, the death and illness of family members, the stresses of daily living, health and the onset...
Indices are composite tools aiming to measure and quantify a variety of clinical conditions, behaviors, attitudes and beliefs that are difficult to be measured quantitatively and accurately. In this review, the methodology used to develop dietary indices and their relationship with health determinants and outcomes is discussed. In brief, the already proposed indices are adequate tools concerning the...
This is the fourth in a series of reviews of cross-cultural studies of menopausal symptoms. The purpose of this review is to examine methods used in cross-cultural comparisons of sexual symptoms among women at midlife, and to examine the determinants of sexual symptoms and how those determinants were measured. The goal of this review is to make recommendations that will improve cross-cultural comparisons...
Methodological differences among studies of vasomotor symptoms limit rigorous comparison or systematic review. Vasomotor symptoms generally include hot flushes and night sweats although other associated symptoms exist. Prevalence rates vary between and within populations, but different studies collect data on frequency, bothersomeness, and/or severity using different outcome measures and scales, making...
This paper reviews the methods used in cross-cultural studies of menopausal symptoms with the goal of formulating recommendations to facilitate comparisons of menopausal symptoms across cultures. It provides an overview of existing approaches and serves to introduce four separate reviews of vasomotor, psychological, somatic, and sexual symptoms at midlife.Building on an earlier review of cross-cultural...
This paper is the second in a series of reviews of cross-cultural studies of menopausal symptoms. The goal of this review is to compare and contrast methods which have been previously utilized in Cross-Cultural Midlife Women's Health Studies with a view to (1) identifying the challenges in measurement across cultures in psychological symptoms and (2) suggesting a set of unified questions and tools...
This paper is the third in a series of reviews of cross-cultural studies of symptoms at midlife. The goal of this review is to examine methods used previously in cross-cultural studies of menopause and women's health at midlife to (1) identify challenges in the measurement of somatic symptoms across cultures and (2) recommend questions and tools that can be used in future research. This review also...
Currently, there is only 1 published hot flash diary. This diary rates hot flash severity according to 4 categories: mild, moderate, severe, and very severe. The descriptions of these 4 severity categories are located on a separate form from the main data form. For each 24-h period, subjects record the number of hot flashes experienced for each of the 4 severity categories either by recollection or...
Although many non-hormonal compounds have shown statistically significant benefit over placebo in hot flash randomized controlled trials (RCTs), these studies have varied considerably in basic methodology making it challenging to deduce which compounds have the greatest potential to provide clinically meaningful benefit. This review used evidence-based methodology closely mirroring the FDA and EMEA...
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