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The crystal structure of the acyl complex of porcine pancreatic elastase with its peptidyl ester substrate N-acetyl-ala-ala-ala-methyl ester (Ac(Ala) 3 OMe) has been determined at 2.5Å resolution. The complex was stabilized by exploiting the “glass transition” in protein dynamics that occurs at around −53°C (220K). Substrate was flowed into the crystal in a cryoprotective solvent above this...
In addition to the decarboxylation of 2-oxo acids, thiamin diphosphate (ThDP)-dependent decarboxylases/dehydrogenases can also carry out so-called carboligation reactions, where the central ThDP-bound enamine intermediate reacts with electrophilic substrates. For example, the enzyme yeast pyruvate decarboxylase (YPDC, from Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or the E1 subunit of the Escherichia coli pyruvate...
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