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The zone-levelling Czochralski (ZLCz) technique was used to grow MgO-doped near-stoichiometric lithium niobate (SLN) crystals for the first time. The crystal was pulled from a Li-rich solution (58–60mol% of Li 2 O) having an SLN solid supplied from below in a slender platinum crucible. An inner crucible was also used to avoid bubble incorporation. With 1mol% MgO doping, three inclusion-free...
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