Bone
The effect of low-energy laser (HeNe) irradiation on bone repair in the tibia of the rat after hole injury was investigated using biochemical and quantitative histomorphometrical methods. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) showed a sharp peak at 6 days post-injury and a lower peak at 12 days. The overall kinetics of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity coincided with that of...
A monoclonal antibody that reacts with murine and human bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) has been developed using recombinant BMP-4 as an immunogen. The antibody that bound most tightly to recombinant murine (rm)BMP-4 was selected, subcloned, and characterized. The specificity of the antibody was confirmed using Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antibody...
A combination of low bone mass and decreased bone quality underlies osteoporotic fracture. We used scanning acoustic microscopy, a nondestructive method for assessing bone elasticity at a resolution of about 60 μm, to estimate the quality of biopsied iliac bones. We compared the acoustic velocities and bone volumes among premenopausal normal (n = 10), osteoporotic (n = 20), and postmenopausal normal...
Investigating the potentiality of cord monocytes to differentiate toward osteoclast-like cells (OCL) in vitro, we previously reported that in the presence of 1,25(OH) 2 vitamin D 3 (1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 ), multinucleated-cells generated by cord monocyte cultures though displaying morphological features of OCL failed to resorb devitalized bones. We thus hypothesized that...
We studied changes in the local circulation and mineralization of the rat tibia under different experimental conditions. Four experiments were performed on a total of 155 female and male rats: after oophorectomy (OOX) or orchidectomy (ORX), after the administration of estradiol benzoate (EB, Agofollin Depot, 1 mg/rat once a week or 5 mg/kg body weight once every 5 days for 4 weeks), or after the...
To study the osteoinductive action of hyaluronic acid (HA), we examined the effects of applying an elastoviscous high-molecular HA preparation on bone wound healing after bone marrow ablation. The middiaphyses of cortical bones from rat femurs were perforated with a round bar, and excavated marrow cavities were filled immediately with high-molecular HA. Bone marrow ablation without HA was used to...
In this study, the correlation between the mineralization of healing bone defects and the osteogenic capacity of the serum was tested in rats. The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that during callus formation, some serum factors are consumed. The bone defects in the tibia contained two different implant types, and all sustained juxta-implant fractures. One implant type was the coral...
The osteopetrotic (op) mutation in mice is characterized by general skeletal sclerosis; reduced numbers of osteoclasts, macrophages, and monocytes; and failure to be cured by bone marrow transplantation. This mutation has been shown to result from an absence of colony-stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and reported to be cured by treatment with CSF-1. Contrary to previous reports, we have noted persistent...
To understand the structural changes accompanying estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss, we examined the temporal changes in cancellous bone structure in an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Matured rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy, and groups of eight animals were sacrificed at 5-day intervals. Histomorphometric and trabecular strut analyses of the excised proximal tibia,...
Iliac crest bone biopsies from 39 patients (23 women, 16 men) with untreated primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP) were examined. Static histomorphometric parameters for cortical bone was compared with values obtained from 39 age- and sex-matched normal controls. Thirty-five of the patients were double-labeled with tetracycline before biopsy. The cortical remodeling cycle was reconstructed in these...
We studied changes in the local circulation and mineralization of the rat tibia under different experimental conditions. Four experiments were performed on a total of 155 female and male rats: after oophorectomy (OOX) or orchidectomy (ORX), after the administration of estradiol benzoate (EB, Agofollin Depot, 1 mg/rat once a week or 5 mg/kg body weight once every 5 days for 4 weeks), or after the administration...
A combination of low bone mass and decreased bone quality underlies osteoporotic fracture. We used scanning acoustic microscopy, a nondestructive method for assessing bone elasticity at a resolution of about 60 μm, to estimate the quality of biopsied iliac bones. We compared the acoustic velocities and bone volumes among premenopausal normal (n = 10), osteoporotic (n = 20), and postmenopausal normal...
Short-term exposure to diets high in fat and sucrose can induce hyperinsulinemia, affect calcium and magnesium metabolism, and alter bone mineralization and mechanical properties. The current study focused on the morphological and structural changes that result from long-term exposure to a high-fat sucrose (HFS) diet. Inbred, female Fischer 344 rats were assigned randomly to a low-fat, complex-carbohydrate...
In previous studies with cortisol, betamethasone and oxazacort we attributed glucocorticoid effects on bone biomechanics to changes in bone mass and geometry rather than to an action on bone material properties. In this experiment, groups of 7 rats each received subcutaneous doses of 15.6, 31.2, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 or 1000 μg/kg per day of dexamethasone (DMS) and an additional 14 animals were controlled...
Both estrogen and dietary calcium deficiencies are important risk factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. We used an animal model of postmenopausal osteoporosis to study histomorphometric and bone turnover markers and bone mineral changes induced by short-term (1 month) estrogen and/or dietary calcium deficiency in the mature rat. Seven groups of rats were studied: 1) basal; 2) sham, fed a calcium-deficient...
Body composition and bone mineral density (BMD) were studied by X-ray absorptiometry in 20 untreated and 12 treated women with celiac disease, as well as in 85 age-matched control women. Untreated patients had a significantly lower body weight, fat mass, lean tissue mass and BMD at the lumbar spine and total skeleton compared to controls (p < 0.001 for all parameters). Treated patients had also...
The aim of the study was to determine the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH), the antiresorptive agents estrogen and bisphosphonate (risedronate), and also the combination of PTH with these antiresorptive drugs on femoral cortical bone mass, dimensions and strength in a sexually mature, ovariectomized rat model. A total of 138, 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into seven groups: 1--sham...