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When expressed as a percentage of the average result in young adults, bone mineral content lags behind bone length before puberty. Even though this observation has led to speculation about bone fragility in children, such relationships could simply be due to scaling effects when measures with different geometrical dimensions are compared.The study population comprised 145 healthy subjects (6–25 years,...
A core group of regulatory factors control circadian rhythms in mammalian cells. While the suprachiasmatic nucleus in the brain serves as the central core circadian oscillator, circadian clocks also exist within peripheral tissues and cells. A growing body of evidence has demonstrated that >20% of expressed mRNAs in bone and adipose tissues oscillate in a circadian manner. The current manuscript...
Using osteoprotegerin (OPG)-knockout mice, we demonstrated that in vivo the effects of both genistein and 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) on bone metabolism were completely abolished. In contrast, zoledronic acid could effectively suppress bone resorption and prevent bone loss.The anti-resorptive effects of E 2 on bone metabolism are considered to be mediated via modulation of the osteoblast-derived...
Ethnic variation in soft tissue composition may contribute to observed ethnic differences in bone mineral density (BMD). This analysis was performed to determine whether ethnic differences in body composition affect differences in BMD between Canadian White and Aboriginal women. An age-stratified population-based sample of 206 Aboriginal women and 177 White women underwent multisite bone density measurements...
Most of the currently available anti-osteoporosis medications promptly and significantly influence the rate of bone turnover. Biochemical markers of bone turnover now provide a high sensitivity to change, allowing the detection of these bone turnover changes within a couple of weeks. Since the anti-fracture efficacy of inhibitors of bone resorption or stimulators of bone formation appears to be largely...
The present study examined the effects of continuous and intermittent PGE 2 administration on the cancellous and cortical bone of lumbar vertebral bodies (LVB) in female rats. Six-month-old Sprague–Dawley female rats were divided into 6 groups with 2 control groups and 1 or 3 mg PGE 2 /kg given either continuously or intermittently for 21 days. Histomorphometric analyses were performed...
Fracture healing and distraction osteogenesis (DO) are unique postnatal bone formation processes, and neovascularization is critically required for successful bone regeneration. We investigated endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) mobilization during bone regeneration, and the possible contribution of EPCs to increased vascularization and new bone formation, especially in DO.Mouse tibia fracture and...
The TGFB1 gene which encodes transforming growth factor beta 1, is a strong candidate for susceptibility to osteoporosis and several studies have reported associations between bone mineral density (BMD), osteoporotic fractures and polymorphisms of TGFB1, although these studies have yielded conflicting results.We investigated associations between TGFB1 polymorphisms and BMD and fracture in the GENOMOS...
Consumption of sugar beverages has increased among adolescents. Additionally, the replacement of sucrose with high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) as the predominant sweetener has resulted in higher fructose intake. Few studies have investigated the effect of drinking different sugar-sweetened beverages on bone, despite suggestions that sugar consumption negatively impacts mineral balance. The objective...
Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) is a cysteine rich, extracellular matrix protein that acts as an anabolic growth factor to regulate osteoblast differentiation and function. In osteoblasts, CTGF is induced by TGF-β1 where it acts as a downstream mediator of TGF-β1 induced matrix production. The molecular mechanisms that control CTGF induction by TGF-β1 in osteoblasts are not known. To assess...
Periosteal woven bone forms in response to stress fractures and pathological overload. The mechanical factors that regulate woven bone formation are poorly understood. Fatigue loading of the rat ulna triggers a woven bone response in proportion to the level of applied fatigue displacement. However, because fatigue produces damage by application of cyclic loading it is unclear if the osteogenic response...
Recent studies have provided evidence that the number and proliferation capacity of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, as well as the number of osteoprogenitor cells are reduced in patients with fracture non-unions. For fracture non-unions that do not heal after appropriate surgical intervention, the question arises as to what extent systemic cellular dysfunctions should be considered as...
For 5 months a year the UK has insufficient sunlight for cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D and winter requirements are met from stores made the previous summer. Although there are few natural dietary sources, dietary intake may help maintain vitamin D status.We investigated the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), bone health, overweight, sunlight exposure and dietary vitamin D in 3113...
Bisphosphonates (BPs) target bone due to their high affinity for calcium ions. During osteoclastic resorption, these drugs are released from the acidified bone surface and taken up by osteoclasts, where they act by inhibiting the prenylation of small GTPases essential for osteoclast function. However, it remains unclear exactly how osteoclasts internalise BPs from bone and whether other cells in the...
The aims of the present study were to assess the effects of long-term estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on size and indices of bone turnover in periarticular osteophytes in ovariectomized cynomolgus monkeys and to compare dynamic indices of bone turnover in osteophyte bone with those of subchondral bone (SCB) and epiphyseal/metaphyseal cancellous (EMC) bone. One hundred sixty-five adult female cynomolgus...
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