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In vivo bone densitometry is affected by measurement inaccuracies arising from the assumptions made about soft tissue and marrow composition. This study tested the hypothesis that section modulus (SM, a measure of bending resistance) when measured ex vivo, would discriminate cases of hip fracture from controls better than areal bone mineral density (aBMD). The biopsies were from (n = 22, female) subjects...
Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipocytes that can regulate bone mass through a central, neuroendocrine signaling pathway. We tested the hypothesis that the response of bone tissue to altered leptin signaling is not uniform throughout the skeleton, but may vary between different skeletal regions and between cortical and trabecular moieties. We investigated the effects of leptin deficiency on muscle...
The measures of bone mass and architecture need to be supplemented with physicochemical and compositional measures for better assessment of fracture risk. In the current studies, we investigated the effects of physicochemical properties of mineral crystals on tissue and organ-level mechanical function of aging rat cortical bone. Our hypothesis was that age-related changes in physicochemical properties...
The assessment of bone health in children requires strategies to minimize the confounding effects of bone size on dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) areal bone mineral density (BMD) results. Cortical bone composes 80% of the total skeletal bone mass. The objective of this study was to develop analytic strategies for the assessment of whole body DXA that describe the biomechanical characteristics...
It is well established that vitamin D metabolites have anabolic properties on cancellous bone in rats. However, few data are available on cortical bone effects of vitamin D metabolites. In this study, we examined the effects of the synthetic vitamin D analogs 1α-hydroxyvitamin D 2 (1α(OH)D 2 ) and 1α-hydroxyvitamin D 3 (1α(OH)D 3 ) on cortical bone of the tibial shaft...
Genetics can substantially influence bone morphology and may define the skeleton's response to mechanical unloading. Recent data indicated that disuse produces different site-specific responses in the skeleton of genetically distinct adult female C3H/HeJ (C3H) and BALB/cByJ (BALB) mice; while disuse BALB mice had significantly less bone than age-matched controls in the distal and diaphyseal femur,...
Age-related deterioration of the fracture properties of bone, coupled with increased life expectancy, is responsible for increasing incidence of bone fracture in the elderly, and hence, an understanding of how its fracture properties degrade with age is essential. The present study describes ex vivo fracture experiments to quantitatively assess the effect of aging on the fracture toughness properties...
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