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Craniosynostosis occurs in one of 2500 live human births and may manifest as craniofacial disfiguration, seizure, and blindness. Craniotomy is performed to reshape skull bones and resect synostosed cranial sutures. We demonstrate for the first time that autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and controlled-released TGFβ3 reduced surgical trauma to localized osteotomy and minimized osteogenesis in...
Elevation of homocysteine is associated with an increased risk for bone fractures. Whether the risk is due to homocysteine or to the reduced levels of cofactors necessary for its metabolisation, such as folates or vitamin B12, is not completely clear. In this study we wanted to determine whether in postmenopausal women, levels of folates, homocysteine or vitamin B12 are predictive of the rate of vertebral...
The majority of bone cell biology focuses on activity on the surface of the bone with little attention paid to the activity that occurs below the surface. However, with recent new discoveries, osteocytes, cells embedded within the mineralized matrix of bone, are becoming the target of intensive investigation. In this article, the distinctions between osteoblasts and their descendants, osteocytes,...
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common single gene syndromes and is typified by a range of characteristic but variably penetrant manifestations. The orthopaedic manifestations of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) and scoliosis, along with other skeletal defects including sphenoid wing dysplasia, rib penciling, and gracile bones have been classically associated with NF1...
TGFβ inducible early gene-1 (TIEG) was originally cloned from human osteoblasts (OB) and has been shown to play an important role in TGFβ/Smad signaling, regulation of gene expression and OB growth and differentiation. To better understand the biological role of TIEG in the skeleton, we have generated congenic TIEG-null (TIEG −/− ) mice in a pure C57BL/6 background. Through the use of DXA...
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