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Power generation using waste material from the processing of agricultural crops can be a viable biomass energy source. However, there is scant data on their burning properties and this work presents measurements of the minimum explosion concentration (MEC), flame speed, deflagration index (Kst), and peak pressure for pulverised pine wood and steam exploded pine wood (SEPW). The ISO 1m3 dust explosion...
The use of detergent-dispersant additives in gasoline helps keep engines clean, inhibits the formation of gum and sludge in the combustion process, and reduces emissions of contaminants to the atmosphere. Although the composition of detergent-dispersant additives is a trade secret, it is known that their average molecular weight is higher than that of gasoline. As such, we propose a method for the...
Co-firing biomass or waste fuels with coal in conventional thermal plants is a promising way to reduce environmental impact of human activities with an acceptable economic investment. One of the main issues to be addressed is the worsening in ash fouling and the reduction of heat transfer rate. In the present paper, the deposits thermal resistance during direct combustion of different blends of coal...
Ignition delays of dimethyl ether and hydrogen (DME/H2) mixtures (hydrogen blending ratio ranging from 0% to 60%) were measured in a rapid compression machine at compressed temperatures ranging from 655 to 810K and compressed pressures from 16.9 to 24.5bar with an equivalence ratio range of 0.8–1.6. Experimental measurements are compared with results from numerical simulations using the NUIG Mech_56...
Porous hydrogel particles of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) with varying water absorbability and quantities were investigated upon their ability and stability to support the reversible methane hydrates storage in the presence of silica nanoparticles and water. Results from experimental and computational simulation indicated that the equilibrium...
This paper reports a study of the catalytic performance of CoMgAl mixed oxides (with 5, 10, 15 and 20% Co content) in the oxidative steam reforming of ethanol (OSRE). The catalysts were produced by calcination of hydrotalcites prepared using the ultrasound-assisted coprecipitation method and were H2-activated before the catalytic reaction. The mixed oxides were extensively analyzed by X-ray diffraction...
This paper deals with combustion behaviours of the hydrogen-rich coal gases in a generated non-premixed burner integrated with a combustor. In the experimental part of this study, temperature and emission values have been determined on different axial and radial positions by thermocouples and a flue gas analyzer in the combustion chamber. The model validation has been done and the effect of the turbulence...
The ability to carry out pyrolysis of entire wood chips and rods instead of small particles would be of great value for mobile pyrolysis units, because of the large possible savings in grinding costs (7–9% of total process costs). With this goal in mind, we designed and constructed a novel lab-scale ablative reactor for fast pyrolysis of entire wood chips and even wood rods, converting those directly...
CuO-based and MnOx-based sorbents modified with Ce and La using sol-gel method, were employed for elemental mercury removal at 120–240°C. The Hg0 removal activity of Mn2O3/ZSM-5 can be significantly enhanced by doping 50at.% Ce or 10at.% La, the Hg0 removal efficiency increased by 94% and 71%, respectively. The Hg0 removal ability of CuO/ZSM-5 subtly improved by addition of 50at.% Ce or 10at.% La,...
By a facile doping strategy, a new Pd catalyst supported on ZrO2-Al2O3 composite doped by Mg was developed. The catalyst was carefully characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), CO chemical adsorption, transmission electron microscope (TEM), NH3 temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that the physical and chemical properties of the...
Miscible and immiscible viscous fingering in porous media are undesirable for many engineering applications such as chemical enhanced oil recovery, contaminant transport, and liquid chromatography. For chemical enhanced oil recovery, polymer is injected to prevent immiscible viscous fingering between aqueous and oil phases. Polymer solution weakens the growth of immiscible viscous fingers but it may...
Alternative diesel fuels derived from biomass can vary significantly in volatility compared to their petroleum-derived counterparts, and their appropriate utilization is contingent on their compatibility with existing engine infrastructure. To investigate this compatibility, experiments were carried out to study the effect of fuel volatility on conventional diesel combustion (CDC) performance under...
In the description of multiphase flow in porous media, dynamic capillarity is typically ignored. While some studies suggest that dynamic capillarity can be ignored in high permeability rock, it cannot be overlooked in low permeability rock. In this work, dynamic capillarity, in various permeability formations, was investigated through specially designed experiments and the impact on field production...
Oxygenated biodiesel presents lower sooting propensity than conventional diesel, providing a good opportunity to resolve the high particulate emissions issue. This study reports soot morphology details of methyl decanoate, a selected surrogate fuel for the larger fatty acid methyl esters in biodiesel. The size distribution of soot primary particles and aggregates as well as the fractal dimension of...
The transformation of Vanadium (V) during thermal conversion of petroleum coke (petcoke) is responsible for ash-related operational problems, such as fouling, corrosion, and deposition. In this paper, The V volatilization behavior and V compounds in ashes were investigated during petcoke gasification at the temperature range of 1100–1500°C. The occurrence modes of V in raw petcoke and their gasification...
In this study, a combination of double bond equivalence (DBE) distributions and hydrogen–deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) was applied to elucidate the chemical structures of nitrogen-containing compounds in polar fractions prepared by medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC). The N1 and N1S1 class compounds in the fraction eluted with 100% toluene (Polar1) were determined to have...
To investigate the dynamic process of adsorbing-gas flow in different rank coals, the CO2 flow rate and corresponding CO2 permeability were measured at decreasing pressures under a constant 5MPa confining stress condition using 46 coal samples from Chinese coal-bearing basins (Qinshui, Huoxi and Ordos) and a coal-bearing zone (Sanjiang-Mulinghe). Two parameters (η: change ratio of permeability and,...
Pyrolysis of normal- and iso-alkanes were carried out using a supercritical cracking experimental apparatus equipped with an electrically heated tubular reactor under supercritical conditions (3.5MPa and 700°C). The hydraulic resistance method (HRM) was applied to quantitatively evaluate the carbon deposition. Effects of molecular structures on the pyrolysis and anti-coking performance of alkanes...
Flame extinction is a critical impediment invariably limiting the performance of modern turbulent combustion technology. Combustion systems operating at lean conditions are highly susceptible to dynamic flame stability induced by local flame extinction. This stimulates flame blow-out and inevitably termination of the combustion process. The present study focuses on understanding the driving mechanisms...
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