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Changes in operating conditions such as pressure, temperature and composition of the oil can trigger asphaltene deposition during oil recovery operations. In the present work, an asphaltene deposit obtained during cleaning of a submersible pump was analyzed. The oilfield was under CO2 flooding as secondary EOR process. The deposit was separated into solubility fractions that were characterized in...
This study aimed to develop sulphided CoMo/γ-Al2O3 catalysts to recover elemental sulphur via selective reduction and to understand the catalytic mechanism of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of SO2 into sulphur when CO is used as the reducing agent. A series of catalysts were prepared based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array and were evaluated in terms of their SO2 conversion efficiency, selectivity...
Conversion of microalgal lipids using biocatalyst is a novel and greener approach to produce biodiesel. Free and immobilized lipases from Candida sp. and Pseudomonas fluorescens along with free lipases from porcine pancreas and wheat germ were screened for biodiesel conversion of Scenedesmus obliquus lipids. Among selected lipases from various sources immobilized lipase from P. fluorescens showed...
Solid fuel combustion via chemical looping with oxygen uncoupling (CLOU) represents a novel route for CO2 capture with minimal energy penalty. An essential part of the viability of a CLOU system is based on the behaviour of the fuel reactor. This paper presents a one-dimensional fluidized bed model capable of describing the operation of the fuel reactor involved in CLOU. The model considers physical...
With the growing proliferation of direct injection, particulate emissions from gasoline engines have become a focus of exhaust emission legislation and research. A key focus is on considering the health effects of particles and their accumulated components, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In addition to the formation mechanisms and measurement methods, which are based on investigating...
Hydrogasification of Chinese sub-bituminous coal was performed in a fixed-bed reactor to study the effects of Ni and Ni+Ca dual catalysts on the yields of light hydrocarbon liquids (HCL) and gaseous products (GPs). In the presence of calcium, a high yield of HCL and GPs was obtained. The main components in tar were light aromatic hydrocarbons (LAHs) such as BTX and naphthalene. The product yields...
Experiments in a spherical bomb with central ignition using ethane–air mixtures of variable composition ([C2H6]=3.4–7.6vol%), at various initial pressures (p0=30–130kPa) and initial temperatures (T0=298–423K) afforded the calculation of the normal burning velocities Su and propagation velocities Ss. The normal burning velocities (NBV) were determined from the coefficients of the cubic law of pressure...
Microemulsion technology was found to be a promising fuel-upgrading process for glycerol. Biosurfactant rhamnolipid (RL) was successfully tested to obtain nano-scaled glycerol-in-diesel microemulsion (GDM) and glycerol/water-in-diesel microemulsion (G/WDM). These microemulsion fuels were stored at 4°C without phase separation for over six months. Fuel properties like high heating value (HHV), dynamic...
Droplet size distribution (DSD) and water content (WC) are two parameters that affect the type/intensity of treatment of water-in-crude oil (W/O) emulsions in the production fields. Besides, the crude oil viscosity and emulsion stability are strongly dependent of DSD and WC. Several papers have reported different techniques for evaluation of these properties; however, most of them were based on experiments...
The poor management of human excreta in developing countries is among the most prominent global issues due to its negative impact on public health. This work demonstrates for the first time that self-sustaining smouldering of faeces mixed with sand is a feasible alternative to incineration for rapid destruction of waste. Self-sustaining smouldering requires minimal energy input and pre-drying of faeces...
Ethanol steam reforming at low temperatures and high water:ethanol ratios was studied on Ni (8wt.%) catalysts deposited on CeO2 (6wt.%) or La2O3 (6wt.%) promoted alumina and zirconia supports. The catalysts were prepared by successive impregnation: first the rare earth oxide and then the Ni, and characterized by XRD, H2 chemisorption, TPR and H2-TPD. Promotion of both alumina and zirconia with CeO...
This work aimed at investigating the potential of using urban wastes and lignite mixtures for energy generation. The objective was to determine the combustion characteristics and the gaseous pollutants of indigenous lignite/urban waste (MSW, RDF, waste paper, sewage sludge, demolition wood) blends, as well as to evaluate the compatibility of each component in the blend. The experiments were conducted...
Understanding of moisture sorption isotherms of bioenergy crops is critical to monitoring their stability and quality during harvest, handling, transportation, and storage. Relationships between the moisture content (EMC) and equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) of four biomass crops – Miscanthus sinensis, miscane, energy cane, and energy sorghum – were determined at 15, 25, and 35°C. Type II and type...
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