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Steam reforming of glycerol to produce syngas or H2-enriched streams is a promising route that has caught the attention of many researchers around the world. This reaction is typically carried out over metal-based catalysts supported on stable materials. Herein we report a study on the effect of Sn on the catalytic properties of Pt/C in the aforementioned reaction. A series of Pt-Sn/C catalysts with...
Gas-to-liquid (GTL) naphtha can be used as a gasoline blend component, and the challenge of its low octane rating is solved by using ethanol as an octane booster. However, currently there is little knowledge available about the performance of gasolines containing GTL naphtha in spark ignition engines. The objective of this work is to assess full load performance of gasoline fuels containing GTL naphtha...
The mechanisms of chlorination of PbO, CdO, ZnO, and CuO by poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and sodium chloride (NaCl), including their reaction temperatures, pathways, and products, were studied and compared. It was found that PVC can chloridize the four oxides via different mechanisms, producing corresponding chlorides. The heavy metal oxides in PVC–PbO and PVC–CdO were chloridized by gas–solid reaction...
The distributions of soot volume fraction, soot number density, and soot particle size in a coal-air turbulent jet flame was numerically investigated using a soot formation model developed in our previous study. In addition, the effect of radiation from different radiative media on the flame temperature was assessed and discussed. Validated by the reported experimental measurements, the distribution...
In this paper, CH4 reforming with CO2 was studied over NiMgOAl2O3 catalysts with various Ni contents for the production of syngas (a mixture of H2 and CO). Mesoporous nanocrystalline NiMgOAl2O3 catalysts with the high specific surface area were prepared using a simple co-precipitation method. The samples were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature-programmed...
Lignocellulosic biomass gasification followed by the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis is becoming a promising pathway to produce synthetic biofuels, having the potential of being coupled with combined-cycle strategies in order to coproduce electricity. In this work, the thermodynamic performance of this type of bioenergy system is evaluated through exergy analysis. A base-case process combining biomass...
The effect of applying non-thermal plasma (NTP) (by adopting a dielectric barrier discharge) to a lean premixed model gas turbine combustor on flame stability and emissions of NOx and CO has been investigated experimentally by varying mixture nozzle exit velocity (U0) and equivalence ratio (∅). The results showed that the existence of flame enhanced streamer intensity. The streamer intensity decreased...
Coal fines are generated during both the dewatering and Coal Seam Gas (CSG) production stages. This is due to the interaction between the fluid flow and the coal solids affixed to coal cleat surfaces. The generated coal fines may plug gas flow paths and reduce coal permeability. Although some investigations of the impact of water flow on coal fines generation were conducted, little research has been...
Biomass gasification is an effective way to produce syngas that must be conditioned to remove the main pollutants (tars) for its use in energy production systems. Catalytic steam reforming of tar and CH4 is thus necessary; Nickel catalysts are excellent candidates but still have deactivation problems related to carbon deposition and sulphur poisoning. Various studies demonstrated that Mayenite as...
To gain a deeper understanding for the influences of coal dust on methane flame deflagrations in chemical plants, a LSDT has been established at the University of Newcastle, Australia. The initial ignition source was delivered by the ignition of 50mJ chemical ignitors. This study focuses on the influences of dilute coal dust concentrations (below 30gm−3) on the deflagration of methane in a hybrid...
Engineering systems such as gas turbines and internal combustion engines utilise gaseous fuels which produce toxic substances when they are burnt. Among these substances are solid soot particles and gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The link between soot and PAHs has long been established. Firstly, PAHs assemble themselves into larger structures which are the soot particles themselves...
The newly developed HITECOM reactor provides the possibility of in-situ analysis of single particle reactions. It combines the capabilities of a magnetic suspension thermobalance with state of the art optical analysis. The surface temperature and carbon conversion of single particles are measured under well-defined flow conditions. The generated data enables the detailed validation of CFD single particle...
The research for renewable and less polluting fuels has focused on biodiesel. This fuel can derive from vegetable, animal or waste oils, and despite its potential to decrease atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases, its influence on NOx emissions is still uncertain. It is believed that biodiesel emissions, especially NOx vary depending on the feedstock, blend percentage and transesterification...
With anthracite coal of the Qinshui basin as the study object, the effect of water and the displacement pressure on the state of coalbed methane (CBM) during production was studied by combining core flooding with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The adsorption of methane is from larger pores to smaller pores in the adsorption pores. Adsorption and desorption of a dried coal sample follows a logarithmic...
How to remove the sulfone species formed in oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of middle distillates through an efficient method is crucial in a successful ODS process. In this study, the solubility of dibenzothiophene (DBT) sulfone in different hydrocarbon streams was assessed and investigated in detail, and the adsorptive removal of DBT-sulfone dissolved in a model hydrocarbon stream on activated carbon...
Screening is an indispensable unit operation for the large-scale separation of materials. A variable amplitude screen (VAS) has a high screening efficiency and reliable performance in coal beneficiation and is widely used for coal classification. In this study, the kinematic characteristics and process analysis of a novel VAS for coal classification were investigated. The vibration test results show...
Preformed Particle Gel (PPG) surfactant combined flooding, designed to simultaneously improve the sweep efficiency and displacement efficiency, has emerged as a promising Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method after polymer flooding. The fundamental mechanisms have been investigated by many lab experiments and the feasibility has been evaluated by some field applications. However, there is no model that...
This study describes a method to produce silane-capped boron nanoparticles (NPs) based on surface modification of boron NPs with a silane. These silane-capped boron NPs are highly dispersible in liquid hydrocarbon fuels such as decalin, thus can enhance the energy content of liquid fuels. The experimental conditions for surface modification were optimized. Silane-capped boron NPs were characterized...
Density functional theory (DFT) calculation with numerical atomic functions is used to study oxygen effects on MoS2 hydrotreating active sites. The optimal form of oxygen on active sites is first investigated by experimentation and calculation. Then, the fine structures of a MoS2 nanocluster (S-Mo-S) and an oxygen containing MoS2 nanocluster (O-Mo-S) under reaction conditions, as well as their hydrodesulfurization...
Coal tar is one of the valuable chemical materials and energy, from which the nitrogen-containing compounds (N-compounds), indole, carbazole, pyridine, and quinoline, are mainly separated. In the present work, the imidazolium-based ILs with different anions, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride (BmimCl), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bromide (BmimBr), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate...
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