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Dimethyl ether (DME), the target product of this study, has many advantages as diesel fuel. The aim of this study is to develop a catalytic process in which 90% CO conversion to DME and CO 2 from syngas (3CO+3H 2 ->DME+CO 2 ) is attained at 1-3MPa. In such a process, both recycling loop and compression of syngas can be omitted resulting in an economic process based on unused,...
The New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) has implemented the collaborative research work with China Coal Research Institute (CCRI) on the liquefaction of Chinese coals for about 20 years. A total of 53 runs in a 0.1t/d bench scale coal liquefaction plant installed at the CCRI were made on 27 kinds of coal selected among coals existing throughout China. The bench plant...
Release behavior of sodium and potassium was followed during pyrolysis of coals in a nitrogen stream up to 1200 o C. Sodium and potassium in coal and char were classified into five fractions by a serial dissolution method with H 2 O, CH 3 COONH 4 , HCl, H 2 SO 4 and HF solutions. Distribution of selenium in coal matrix and its release behavior were observed...
Taiheiyo Japanese sub-bituminous coal was extracted with supercritical water (SCW) and phenol mixtures at 673K and at over fluid densities ranging from 0 to 0.5g/cm 3 . The extraction yield with SCW was 0.55-0.60, but increased with increasing the ratio of phenol to water, showing a maximum of 0.7 at water-phenol ratio of 4.5:0.5 and then decreased to 0.50-0.55 for pure phenol.The main products...
The properties of limonite in Australia and Indonesia were examined by using X-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy, Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and TEM-EDX in relation to the catalytic activities in the liquefaction of low-rank coals. The molar ratio of H 2 O/Fe in limonite was determined from the weight loss resulting from the dehydration reaction of FeOOH to Fe 2 O ...
Dispersion and thermal behaviors of oil-soluble Mo-dithiocarbamate (Mo-DTC) and Mo-dithiophosphate (Mo-DTP) as the MoS 2 catalyst precursors were studied in petroleum vacuum residue (VR) using FT-Far IR, XRD and TEM. FT-Far IR was proved to detect the Mo complexes and their derived MoS 2 in VR without the interference of the complicated organic matrix. Their transformation into MoS...
Devolatilization behaviour of residual chars from coal liquefaction was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. Effect of remained and enriched minerals on devolatilization of residual chars was mainly concerned. By analysing TG/DTG profiles, it was found that the measured volatile matter (VM) includes not only the decomposed volatile products of unreacted organic substances of coal but also...
Several coals were pre-oxidized by air at 250, 270 and 300 o C to different levels, then the carbonization behaviors of the pre-oxidized coals were systematically examined. The gas formation rates and weight change during the carbonization were measured continuously using a mass spectrometer and a thermogravimetric analyzer, respectively. The changes in the functional groups during the carbonization...
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis in Co/SiO 2 catalysts, which were prepared by mixed impregnation of cobalt (II) nitrate and cobalt (II) acetate, was studied under mild reaction conditions (Total pressure=1MPa, H 2 /CO=2, T=513K). X-ray diffraction indicated that highly dispersed cobalt metal was the main active sites on the catalyst prepared by the same method. It was considered that the...
Combustion of three Chinese coals, mixed with limestone physically, was carried out in drop tube furnace. The drop tube furnace consisted of two parts, the top side has a length of about 1.0m and kept at 1573K in all the runs, while the bottom-side has a length of 0.5m and kept at 1173K. SO 2 removal efficiency of about 80 and 73% were obtained in the combustion of Yanzhou with high and low...
In situ FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the adsorbed species and the intermediates during methanol dehydrogenation over Cu/SiO 2 catalyst, and a schematic reaction network was proposed. Methoxy species on copper, which were derived from adsorbed methanol, dehydrogenated into formaldehyde. Then several competitive pathways took place. The adsorbed formaldehyde could desorb to the gas...
Mineral components bonded to organic parts in some Indonesian and Chinese coals were characterized by solid-state 29 Si and 27 Al NMR, inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy, and X-ray fluorescence before and after high temperature solvent extraction and acid treatments. In lower ranking coals such as South Banko and Berau coals, it was found that organically bonded...
Calcium in coal can be classified into two parts: mineral matter and cationic metals associated with organic matrix. Chemical leaching with aqueous ammonium acetate (NH 4 OAc) solution has been widely used for the purpose of removing only ion-exchanged metals. However, it still remains uncertain whether the leaching can remove only these metals, because the leaching experiments have been mainly...
Hydrodynamic properties, such as intrinsic viscosity and diffusivity, were measured to investigate the solution state characteristics of coal-derived materials in three organic solvents: toluene, pyridine, and N-methyl-2-pyrolidinone. A coal-derived asphaltene was prepared using coal liquefaction residue and was used as the solute. The translational diffusion coefficient of the coal-derived asphaltene...
Formation of N 2 during temperature programmed pyrolysis at 10 o C/min of low rank coals up to 1350 o C has been studied with a fixed bed quartz reactor. When Ca 2+ ions are exchanged with the raw or demineralized coals by using a saturated aqueous solution of Ca(OH) 2 , the Ca enhances the formation rate mainly at around 820 or 850-1100 o C, respectively...
Sulfur released from five Chinese coals and an USA coal in hydrogen was correlated with the catalytic activity of an impregnated ferrous sulfate for hydrogenation of the coals. The hydrogenation was carried out at a high or ambient pressure. Sulfur released from the coals into the gas phase at the ambient pressure was monitored online with a flame photometric detector. The data indicate that the catalytic...
An efficient absorbent of hydrogen sulfide for hot gas cleaning was developed. In order to increase the efficiency of the absorbent, activated carbon-supported ferrite was prepared and the absorption behavior of the absorbent was examined using a fixed-bed reactor and a thermogravimetric balance.Activated carbon-supported ferrites could be prepared at a much lower calcination temperature (400 ...
In order to produce ashless coal (HyperCoal) in a high yield, extractions with several organic solvents-tetralin, 1-methylnaphthalene, dimethylnaphthalene and light cycle oil (LCO) at 200-380 o C were conducted for various ranks of coals, and subsequent solid/solution separation was done at room temperature. LCO was found to be a useful, cost-effective solvent, since it gave similar extraction...
Zirconium dioxide based catalysts were synthesized by mechanical mixing method and evaluated for the direct synthesis of isobutene and isobutane (i-C 4 ) from CO hydrogenation. The experiments of temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia and carbon dioxide indicated that both the amount of acid-base sites and the strength of acid and base of the catalysts varied with the incorporation of...
The paper describes briefly the petrographic characteristics of coals in major coal-forming periods in China, especially the inherent correlations between the petrographic constituents, and the chemical and technological properties of coals. The study of coal petrography in China Coal Research Institute (CCRI) has been successfully applied to coal classification, combustion and liquefaction, and prediction...
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