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During start-up of the engine under cold temperatures, conditions can be different when biodiesel is used due to the low fuel injection pressure and the high cloud point and high pour point. It is consequently of interest to understand the behavior of the injector under cold conditions when operating with biodiesel and the impact on the combustion process. This article presents an experimental study...
A series of high-performance catalysts based on nickel phosphide particles supported on SBA-15 have been synthesized by temperature-programed reduction of a nickel phosphate, previously impregnated in the mesostructured silica support. In these samples the loading of the active phase varied between 10% and 20% in a Ni basis, while nominal Ni/P ratios ranged from 0.5 to 3. The formation of different...
Coinjection of a low concentration of solvent with steam has been studied as an alternative to steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD). This research presents a semi-analytical method for comparing oil drainage rates of SAGD and coinjection processes using different single-component solvents for a given set of reservoir/operating conditions. The oil recovery in coinjection involves complex interaction...
An electrochemical method was applied in order to obtain a new antioxidant for soy biodiesel conservation, from the technical CNSL (tCNSL). The electrochemical modification occurred in an electrolytic tank under controlled conditions, including the voltage, electrical current and tCNSL flow. Physico-chemical analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were carried out on tCNSL and eCNSL, while...
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The article has significant similarity to a paper that has already been published in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 51 (2012) 7957 (DOI:http://pubs.acsorg/doi/abs/10.1021/ie3007215). One of the conditions of submission of a paper for publication is that...
Quasi-homogeneous catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon fuels using high dispersible zeolite is an effective way to improve their cooling capacity for the future aircrafts. High hydrocarbon dispersible beta nanozeolites (HD-NZs) were hydrothermally synthesized using silanizing seeds with phenylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane in the organic medium (HDZ-O) and aqueous medium (HDZ-W). IR and TG characterizations...
To investigate for the influence of zeolitisation on the mobility of trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V, and Zn) from coal fly ash, two samples of fly ash (FA and FB) were submitted to leaching tests as well zeolitic fly ash (ZFA and ZFB) that was synthesised from FA and FB. The leaching solutions were selected to represent the broad pH range of fluids in nature and landfills...
While using alternative aviation fuels represents a promising approach to reduce the industry’s impact on climate change and local air quality, the influence of these new fuels on the chemical composition of exhaust plumes, and, in particular, on aviation-produced aerosols must be assessed. This paper studies the influence of using alternative jet fuels on induced particles, including contrails, in...
CNG–gasoline blended fuel has been considered as a potential choice of alternative fuel for spark ignition (SI) engines specially turbocharged one to utilize advantages of both fuels.In this study methane (main component of CNG) is added in two volumetric fractions of 30% and 70% to iso-octane (representative fuel of gasoline). Spherical flames are experimentally investigated at initial temperature...
Two-stage ignition and NTC phenomenon in diesel sprays is investigated by performing 3-D two-phase reacting flow simulations in a dual-fuel engine. Spray processes modeled include fuel atomization, droplet distortion, droplet drag, turbulent dispersion, droplet interactions in terms of collision and coalescence, vaporization, and spray–wall interaction. A validated reaction mechanism is implemented...
Occurrence of sporadic super-knock is the main obstacle in the development of advanced gasoline engines. By utilizing a rapid compression machine, events of pre-ignition and super-knock in a closed system under high temperature and high pressure were captured by synchronous high-speed direct photography and pressure measurement, with the results demonstrating that the mechanism of super-knock is constituted...
In oxy-fuel combustion, fuel is combusted in a mixture of O 2 and recycled flue gas, i.e. the N 2 is replaced by CO 2 with the O 2 supplied from an air separation unit. The resulting gas consists largely of steam and CO 2 , which would be ready for sequestration when dried. In this work, the rate of reaction of particles of lignite char, typically 1200μm diameter,...
The performance of an oxygen carrier (OC) in chemical looping combustion (CLC) is largely influenced by the support used. In this study, the effect of MgO addition on the physical properties and oxygen transfer reactivity of spray-dried NiO OCs was investigated to suggest support composition for performance improvement. Various OCs were prepared using 70wt% NiO and 0, 4.2, and 8.4wt% MgO balanced...
Thermal cracking or fast pyrolysis of waste cooking oil (WCO) was performed in a continuous pilot plant operating under isothermal conditions. The experiments were carried out varying the temperature (475, 500 and 525°C) and the residence time (5–70s) to obtain experimental data in order to construct a kinetic model based on chemical lumps. The kinetic model of the waste cooking oil is based on four...
Partial replacement of fossil fuels by biomass based alternative fuels in aviation applications is considered as a possible option toward sustainability. The present work aims to study the changes in the flame characteristics and combustor performance in a cylindrical spray combustor when operated with kerosene and kerosene–ethanol blends. A laboratory scale combustor with two concentric air entries...
Hydrogen and power production from supercritical water reforming of glycerol was techno-economically assessed, considering future states of technology because there is no demonstration plant using this technology. Two different configurations were proposed: supercritical water reforming (SCWR) and autothermal supercritical water reforming (ASCWR). A plant size of 1000kg/h of glycerol was considered...
A 500kW rice husk-firing fluidized bed combustor was designed for obtaining low carbon and high silicon ash in the amorphous form. The influence of operating condition (temperature, fluidizing velocity) on combustion efficiency and rice husk ash quality was experimentally investigated. Furthermore, the quality of rice husk ash collected from inner bed, two-stage cyclones and bag-house was analyzed...
Solid-state fermentation of sweet sorghum stalk is a cost-effective technology for bioethanol production. Sugar transfer from the interior of sweet sorghum plant cell to the surface is one of the key factors affecting the fermentation process because the system takes place in the absence of free water. Mass transfer of sugar from the interior of the sweet sorghum to the surface of substrates is mainly...
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