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A study was conducted on four commercial Waxy Oil green cokes with varying catalyst (Fe 3 O 4 ) concentrations (ash content: 1.84–11.18%), to determine the effect thereof on the structural characteristics of calcined (1400°C) and pre-graphitised (2000°C) cokes. An increase in the catalyst content of the coke shows a substantial detrimental effect on the overall anisotropy of the carbon...
Thermally cracked asphaltenes from Athabasca vacuum residue produced at four different process severities were investigated for adsorption and subsequent catalytic oxidation. Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles were used for the removal of these four different thermally cracked asphaltenes from toluene solutions by a batch-adsorption technique followed by subsequent catalytic oxidation. Asphaltene...
Biomass-derived hydrocarbons that include gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel can help replace finite fossil fuel hydrocarbons of the same range. The objective of this study was to prove that gasoline-range hydrocarbons could be created from gasified woody biomass (producer gas) using thermochemical conversion with a Mo/H + ZSM-5 catalyst and compare these results to gasoline-range hydrocarbons...
The present study was designed to evaluate gasification performance of glycerol, overproduced from biodiesel fuel production, and lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate for hydrogen gas production by aqueous-phase reforming (APR) process. Lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate was prepared by solubilization of wheat straw under subcritical water condition. APR experiments were performed in a batch type...
Catalysts containing mixtures of NiO, MgO and ZrO 2 were synthesized by the polymerization method. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), physisorption of N 2 (BET), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), and then tested in the partial oxidation of methane (POM) in the presence of air (2CH 4 :1O 2 ) at 750°C...
As expected, the coal would be, regarding to its equally distributed reserves, potentially substitutive resource for the crude oil as the raw material for the production of liquid fuels. The main objective of the transformation processes from coal to liquid fuels is production of diesel and petrol. In the European Union there are several activities aimed to the liquefaction of coal, regarding to suitable...
Gas-phase aromatization of n-octane was investigated using Pd/C catalyst. The objectives were to: (1) determine the effects of temperature (400–600°C), weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) (0.8–∞), and hydrogen to hydrocarbon molar ratio (MR) (0–6) on conversion, selectivity, and yield (2) compare the activity of Pd/C with Pt/C and Pt/KL catalysts and (3) test the suitability of Pd/C for aromatization...
In this work two perovskites (LaCr 0.7 Ni 0.3 O 3 and LaCr 0.5 Ni 0.5 O 3 ) were studied as possible catalysts for cracking of tar produced by pyrolysis and gasification of biomass and wastes. Naphthalene and n-hexadecane were chosen as model compounds for tar. The results were also compared with those ones obtained by testing the LaFe 0.7 Ni...
The influence of support on the catalytic performances of Pt and Ni based catalysts for the steam reforming of naphthalene/benzene as model tar compounds of biomass gasification was investigated. Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalyst showed relatively high and stable activity in steam reforming for 30h at 1023K and 1073K with steam/carbon (S/C) molar ratio of 3. However, this catalyst remarkably lost...
The bimetallic Ni–Fe catalysts used in CO total-methanation reaction were prepared by the impregnation method on γ-Al 2 O 3 support for the production of substitute natural gas (SNG). The catalysts were characterized by N 2 physisorption measurements, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and H 2 temperature-programmed reduction (H 2 -TPR). The...
A bifunctional NiPb/ZnO-diatomite-ZSM-5 (NiPb/ZnO-DZSM-5) catalyst for FCC gasoline upgrading by reactive adsorption desulfurization (RADS) coupling olefin aromatization function was prepared by wet-mixed squeezed method to avoid octane number loss from olefins hydro-saturation in traditional RADS processing. The crystalline structure and textural property of as-prepared adsorbents/catalysts were...
The present paper deals with experimentation of ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3 -supported catalysts for conversion of naphthalene, chosen as tar model compound of pyrolysis or gasification syngas. In particular, the reforming capacity of active metals and promoters such as Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Ce and Pt was tested in a fixed bed reactor at temperature from 400 to 900°C. As regards ZrO 2...
Nickel/dolomite catalysts have been prepared and investigated for their suitability for the production of hydrogen from the two-stage pyrolysis–gasification of waste tyres. Experiments were conducted at a pyrolysis temperature of 500°C and gasification temperature was kept constant at 800°C with a catalyst/ waste tyres ratio of 0.5. Fresh and reacted catalysts were characterised using a variety of...
This study reports an attractive route for light diesel fraction desulfurization using a H-ZSM5 zeolite dispersed in a silica–alumina matrix. This catalyst was characterized using standard techniques including: (a) NH 3 -TPD, (b) N 2 adsorption, (c) Particle size distribution, (d) X-ray diffraction, (e) SEM–EDX, and (f) Pyridine FTIR. Characterization results showed that Brønsted acid...
Co-liquefactions of a Chinese Shenfu sub-bituminous coal (SFSBC) and rice straw (RS) over four different coal liquefaction catalysts were carried out and the co-liquefied product preasphaltene (PA) was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and gel permeation chromatograms (GPC) measurements. It was found that the four catalysts gave different catalytic activities in the liquefaction of SFSBC and...
Waste cooking oil (WCO) was purified by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO 2 ) extraction and catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of fresh soybean oil, WCO and scCO 2 -purified oil were studied for the synthesis of diesel-like hydrocarbons. The chemical compositions of the scCO 2 -purified oils were very similar to those of fresh oil. Hydrotreating of WCO over the Pd and Ni catalysts...
The catalytic pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of low calorific value Turkish lignite in various ambient conditions were explored and the evolution of gases during pyrolysis tests was examined using a Thermogravimetric Analyzer coupled with a Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer (TGA–FTIR). Potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ) and iron (III)...
The naphthenic acids found in petroleum may cause serious corrosion problems for processing equipment. In this study, naphthenic acids were removed by catalytic esterification with methanol to reduce the occurrence of corrosion in refinery equipment and to improve the properties of the oil. The influence of the reaction conditions on the esterification reaction was investigated. SnO–Al 2 O...
Biomass can be converted into gaseous fuel by high-temperature reactions with a gasifying agent. The gasifying agent consists, in most cases, of oxygen and of a moderator, which is usually water vapour. Here we show that waste CO 2 can be used instead of, or together with, water vapour to moderate the process of biomass gasification in a catalytic fluidized bed of dolomitic limestone. Such...
Bergius process for coal liquefaction was patented one century ago. It constituted the first application of dispersed phase catalysts in slurry reactors, considered as once-through disposable solids. Starting from waste materials as additive, the role of catalysts in the conversion of heavy carbonaceous feeds like coal of petroleum residues was progressively identified. Cracking activity was initially...
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