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The effect of the addition of H2 on combustion and emission characteristics of Cummins ISM370 diesel engine was investigated. The cylinder pressure and heat release rate were tested under 70% load with the addition of 6% H2 to the engine. On this basis, AVL FIRE software was used to construct numerical model of the engine at 70% load with the addition of 6% H2. The simulation results and experimental...
The accelerating effect of reactive pyrite on coal self-heating was measured experimentally using an adiabatic oven. Reaction rate data obtained from the experimental results were applied to a numerical model of coal self-heating. The model results showed reasonable agreement with the measured time taken to reach thermal runaway. However, the shape of the self-heating curves showed subtle variations...
NiMoW-O mixed oxide was obtained by calcination of the ϕy layered precursor (NH4)Ni2OH(H2O)(MoO4)2 (NiMoW-L). Unsupported catalysts were obtained from porous NiMoW-O activated ex-situ under a H2S/H2 (15% v/v) mixture at temperatures in the range of 673–823K. Activation temperature was crucial in catalytic activity for dibenzothiophene (DBT) hydrodesulfurization (HDS). The best temperature of activation...
Experiments on the evaporation of single droplets of a refined fraction of a liquid fuel produced by fast pyrolysis of chicken litter are presented. A computational model for the evaporation of the fuel is devised using the techniques of continuous thermodynamics, with distribution functions selected to represent the five main chemical groups in the fuel (n-paraffins, 1-alkenes, n-alkylbenzenes, n-alkyl...
In the previous work, the multi-scale chemical reaction model was developed by Wang et al. (2014) to consider the impact of the meso-scale structure on reaction performance. This paper incorporates multi-scale heat transfer to further improve the previous multi-scale chemical reaction model. The temperature field in the cluster phase and the dispersed phase is predicted. A cluster structure-dependent...
To explore the more effective method to fulfill soot reduction challenges of early-injection conditions, different engine operating parameters such as intake pressure, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), equivalence ratio, intake temperature, coolant temperature, injection pressure and fuel properties such as using the blends of diesel/gasoline, diesel/n-butanol and dual-fuel were investigated on a diesel...
Behaviour of tars in high temperature filtration was studied at atmospheric pressure in steam and air/steam gasification conditions. Wood pellets and bark pellets were used as feedstock and silica sand and dolomite (Myanit B) as bed materials. Experiments were carried out in a bench-scale bubbling fluidised-bed gasifier coupled with a hot gas filter unit. Interestingly, it was found that filter could...
Production of coal-bed methane from a reservoir is a function of several parameters, including in situ gas content, the permeability of the coal, and the thickness of the coal seams. Such coal seams usually have low sorption time and there is an easy release of methane from coal upon pressure depletion due to water extraction. Coals with high sorption time are usually not suitable from an economical...
Shale char organic matter was obtained by demineralization of shale char through HCl and HF treatment. XRD technique was applied to determine the minerals in shale char and its ashes from different-temperature combustions. The effect of mineral matrix in shale char on the pyrolysis and combustion of organic matter was explored by the TG-FTIR test to shale char and its organic matter. Minerals in shale...
In the present study a previously developed soot model has been tested extensively for conventional and low temperature diesel combustion engine simulations. The soot model framework, which was implemented in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code KIVA-CHEMKIN, is based on four fundamental steps, viz., soot inception through a four ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon species, soot surface growth...
One of the weak points in the energy-wood chain is the transport of woodchips from the forestry yard to the power station. This operation is critical because the vehicles used must be very versatile to operate under different conditions while maintaining low operating costs. The goal of this study is to implement the information on this topic by examining the different categories of vehicles that...
The purpose of this research work is to optimize the combustion bowl geometry of a single cylinder stationary diesel engine for the effective operation of KME (kapok methyl ester) – diesel blends. Considering that the reported design modification would render the benefit of adaptation of higher blends of KME, in this study, two different combustion chamber geometries such as TRCC (trapezoidal combustion...
Increased use of biomass and waste fuels, and the consequent corrosion problem have led to an increased need to study and monitor the combustion processes. This study presents an extensive physical characterization of aerosol particles measured from a bubbling fluidized bed boiler with different fuel mixtures and optional ferric sulfate feeding. The fuel mixtures included bark, sludge, peat and solid...
Hydrogen (H2) gas is considered the future energy carrier as a clean fuel. Biological processes to produce hydrogen are very attractive due to less energy expenditures and the possibility to use organic wastes as substrate. In this work, Jatropha curcas L. seed cake (JSC), a solid residue remaining after oil extraction from J. curcas seeds for biodiesel production, was used as substrate in a dark...
This study for the first time reported the speciation of iron in ash deposits collected from the combustion of a pulverised lignite mixed with external silica in an industrial 30 MWth boiler. The iron speciation was conducted by the use of Mössbauer spectroscopy, Quantitative XRD, and SEM-EDX couple with elemental mapping. In addition, the magnetic particles were separated from fly ash deposits, and...
Different biomass types display very different characteristics relating to pelletization conditions and pellet quality. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of biomass composition and milling size on pelletization parameters and the physical quality of the pellets obtained. Nine different woody and non woody biomass raw materials were pelletized in a bench scale pellet press. Materials were...
In Part-II of the current study, a detailed sensitivity analysis was performed on the soot model that was described in Part-I. The performance of the soot model, which was implemented in the 3-D CFD code KIVA-CHEMKIN, was evaluated by conducting a sensitivity analysis of the soot sub-model formation and oxidation rates and soot precursor chemistry. In terms of soot precursor chemistry, a detailed...
A quantitative method of on-line gas analysis was developed, using quadrupole mass spectrometry to measure gas composition when charcoal, wood, straw, and refuse derived fuel were gasified. Despite overlapping between some of the species, the method was demonstrated on small-scale laboratory gasifiers, recording the main components (e.g. N2∼54–67vol.%; H2∼5–13vol.%; CO2∼15–17vol.%; CO∼10–17vol.%),...
This paper derives empirical estimates of field depletion level, depletion rate, decline rate and characteristic time intervals in offshore oil production based on a global field-by-field database containing 603 offshore oil fields. Statistical distributions as well as arithmetic and weighted averages of production parameters are derived for different categories of fields specified by size, location...
In this contribution, we confirmed that aviation fuels could be synthesized directly from microalgae lipids in water over a Pt/C catalyst without additional hydrogen. After decarboxylation at 330 and 370°C for 120min, the oxygen content in the microalgae lipids was significantly reduced and the heating value of produced aviation fuels was greatly increased. The reaction mechanism of direct decarboxylation...
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