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As ethanol and rapeseed oil are not miscible, tributyl citrate, 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF), 2-methylfuran (2-MF), 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MTHF), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), rapeseed oil FAME-biodiesel (FAME), 1-heptanol (HepOH) and 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) are used as green mixing agents or “ethanolotropes”. The area of existence of clear and monophasic mixtures...
This study was conducted to verify the potential application of carbohydrates with low molecular weight (MW) as ash-free as well as nitrogen- and sulfur-free binders in biomass densification for solid biofuels. In the first step, different kinds of carbohydrates including molasses (industrial byproduct), fructose, maltodextrin, sucrose, and glucose alongside lignosulfonate (phenolic byproduct from...
Lignocellulosic biomass gasification followed by the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis is becoming a promising pathway to produce synthetic biofuels, having the potential of being coupled with combined-cycle strategies in order to coproduce electricity. In this work, the thermodynamic performance of this type of bioenergy system is evaluated through exergy analysis. A base-case process combining biomass...
Alternative diesel fuels derived from biomass can vary significantly in volatility compared to their petroleum-derived counterparts, and their appropriate utilization is contingent on their compatibility with existing engine infrastructure. To investigate this compatibility, experiments were carried out to study the effect of fuel volatility on conventional diesel combustion (CDC) performance under...
Bio-oil or pyrolysis oil — a product of thermochemical decomposition of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions — holds great potential to be a substitute for nonrenewable fossil fuels. However, its high acidity, which is primarily due to the degradation of hemicelluloses, limits its applications. For the evaluation of bio-oil production and treatment, it is essential to accurately measure the acidity...
Novel approaches for bioethanol production from industrial wastes have gained attention due to not only maximize the ethanol production productivity, but also reduce the production cost. Part of the production cost includes cost of the enzymes needed for saccharification step during the starch hydrolyzation, which can be significant cost depending on the enzymes’ performances. Therefore, in this study,...
Brown grease breaks down into a mixture of alkanes and alkenes at temperatures above 300°C without addition of hydrogen or an external catalyst. To better understand the reactions in this process, pyrolysis experiments were performed on palmitic and oleic acids as model systems for the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in brown grease, respectively. Iron (III) sulfate was used in half of the experiments,...
In consideration of the CO2 saving potentials of biofuels, a quota of biodiesel in fossil diesel fuel is established in a number of countries all over the world. However, primary investigations on fossil diesel fuel/biodiesel blends showed a certain tendency to form precipitates, which can be considered as oligomers. They result from aging of biodiesel. However, the tendency of fuel blends to form...
Methanol is an alternative fuel offering a lower well-to-wheel CO2 emission as well as a higher efficiency, given that the fuel is derived from biomass. In addition to reduced CO2, methanol does not emit soot particles when combusted which is a great advantage when attempting to reduce NOX levels due to the effectively non-existing NOX-soot trade-off. The engine setup used was a Scania D13 engine...
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