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Methyl esters have been considered a promising alternative fuel for fossil fuels. However, the methyl ester production from lipase catalysed direct transesterification is a time-consuming process. It is necessary to develop the method to reduce the operating time of the lipase catalysed direct transesterification. Various operating parameters were studied such as solvent/algae ratio, catalyst addition,...
In this work, thermodynamic behavior of five biomass-derived compounds, namely furfural, 2-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran, methyl vinyl ketone, and allyl alcohol, in highly dilute aqueous solutions has been experimentally investigated. Using the inert gas stripping technique, their air-water partition coefficients (Kaw) and limiting activity coefficients γ1∞ were measured at several temperatures in...
In order to improve the understanding of the burning efficiency and its observed size dependency of in-situ burning of crude oil on water, the vaporization order of the components in crude oils was studied. The vaporization order of such multicomponent fuels was assessed by studying the surface temperature, flame height, burning rate and burn residues of three alkanes (n-octane, dodecane and hexadecane),...
The exact characteristics of the pyrolysis and combustion kinetics for Siberian bituminous coals and lignites were studied for better understanding of the fuel conversion processes. The bituminous coal samples of Kuznetskiy deposit and lignite samples of Kansko-Achinsk deposit were investigated in argon and in argon/air gas mixtures. The pyrolysis and oxidation experiments were executed at four heating...
This research deals with computational modelling of non-reactive and reactive turbulent spray processes. The spray process is modelled using the Euler Eulerian multiphase approach together with a size-of-classes model where the discrete phase is considered as continuum and divided into sub-classes. The combustion process is modelled by taking into account chemical kinetics and solving homogeneous...
Methanol fumigation strategy in multi-cylinder diesel engine has received great attentions in recent years. Experimental work was conducted in a turbocharged inline 4-cylinder diesel engine fueled with diesel methanol dual fuel (DMDF). Three different methanol injection positions were chosen to investigate into their effect on cylinder-to-cylinder variation. The results indicate that the unevenness...
The sooting tendency of three C9H12 isomers, specifically n-propylbenzene, iso-propylbenzene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (also known as mesitylene), was studied in atmospheric pressure, counter-flow diffusion flames of ethylene, whose fuel stream was doped with C9H12 isomers, added such that 10%, 20% and 30% of the total carbon was fed as aromatic carbon. In-situ spectroscopy, namely broadband UV-laser...
Analysis of transient fluid flow in porous media has several applications in geophysics/geotechnics and engineering. An in-depth evaluation of fluid flow behavior is critical in order to improve the understanding, and development of, laboratory measurement techniques in geo-mechanics, particularly permeability estimation. Given that considerable errors may be yielded in the derived permeabilities...
Optimization of production depends heavily on crude oil composition and its variation within and across multiple reservoirs. In particular, asphaltene content has enormous impact on crude oil viscosity and the economic value of reservoir fluids. Thus, it is important to understand the primary controls on crude oil composition and asphaltene distributions in reservoirs. This paper examines a complex...
The novel method for biogenic component determination in liquid fuels by direct measurement of the 14C activity concentration via liquid scintillation counting (LSC) technique has been used in few laboratories worldwide. This paper presents results of the development of method for bio-component quantification in fuel mixtures in the Nuclear Physics Laboratory Novi Sad, Serbia, as well as their comparison...
Some non-halogen ionic liquids (1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulphates ([BMIM][[HSO4]), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([BMIM][CH3COO]), 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutyl phosphate ([BMIM][DBP]), 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulphates ([OMIM][HSO4]), and 1-n-octyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([OMIM][CH3COO])) were synthesized, characterized, and used as solvents for extraction...
Four bituminous coals of the same rank but with different thermoplastic properties were oxidized at 40 and 50°C for one month. The chemical changes due to oxidation were studied by applying Gieseler plastometry, the free-swelling index (FSI), thermogravimetric analysis and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS). In general, oxidation at 50°C produced a greater impairment...
Pyrolysis of rubber wastes is an efficient thermo-chemical means of generating high-value energy and fuels. In this work, a variety of technological tools were employed to characterise the pyrolysis of natural and synthetic rubbers, which included three tyres (natural rubber tyre, pneumatic tyre and synthetic rubber tyre) and one natural rubber mat. The composition of gas products was determined by...
The effects of fuel temperature and chamber pressure on the spray of a multi-hole G-DI injector were analyzed in a quiescent test chamber. The analysis was focused on the behavior of the global spray angles both close and far from the injector. Three pure hydrocarbons (n-hexane, n-heptane, and isooctane), three gasolines of known distillation curve and a commercial 95 RON gasoline from a gas station...
Coal seam gas (CSG), an unconventional resource of energy, is gaining global interests due to its natural abundance and environmental benefits in comparison to more traditional energy sources. Its production is mainly controlled by the underlying fracture network of coal, called “cleats”. The discrete fracture network (DFN) model is widely applied for characterising fracture networks due to its ability...
The ignition characteristics of dual-fuel mixtures consisting of high-reactivity n-dodecane and low-reactivity methane are numerically investigated. The performance of five state-of-the-art n-dodecane chemical mechanisms including comprehensive low hydrocarbon kinetics for single-fuel (SF) and dual-fuel (DF) combustion are studied. The sensitivity of the total fuel to air equivalence ratio (ϕ) and...
Nanofluidics, which analyzes fluid transport through sub 100-nm conduits, has fascinated engineers in different fields and we petroleum engineers are no exception. This field gained a significant interest in petroleum engineering only when hydrocarbon production from shales became economically feasible. The basic transport properties of the fluid change for this range of conduit size. With this in...
A skeletal mechanism with 54 species and 269 reactions was developed to predict pyrolysis and oxidation of n-dodecane as a diesel fuel surrogate involving both high-temperature (high-T) and low-temperature (low-T) conditions. The skeletal mechanism was developed from a semi-detailed mechanism developed at the University of Southern California (USC). Species and reactions for high-T pyrolysis and oxidation...
Rye straw was pretreated with ionic liquid and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to produce reducing sugars. The experiment had a Box-Behnken design. The aim of the optimization process was to maximize the yield of reducing sugars after enzymatic hydrolysis of rye straw and to determine the optimal conditions for biomass purification with ionic liquid and for enzymatic hydrolysis. The input variables...
Mineral solids in oil sands are often coated with organic matter. These organically-modified mineral solids hinder bitumen aeration and stabilize water-in-oil emulsions, leading to low bitumen recovery and poor bitumen product quality. The study of these organic coating on the fine solids has been elusive due to the nanometer length scale and the unsuitability of sampling in high vacuum sample chambers...
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