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The porous structure of oil shale plays a vital role in heat transfer and mass transport of its pyrolysis, particularly for the flow behavior of shale oil and gas during in-situ conversion. It is essential to clarify the pore evolution and give a mathematical description of the complex pyrolysis. In this study, the effect of temperature (100–800°C) on Huadian oil shale pyrolysis, and the creation...
A high sulfur content in Jordanian oil shale is considered one of the biggest challenges preventing its full utilization. To resolve this issue, direct limestone injection during staged combustion has been investigated for the simultaneous control of NO and SO2 emissions. Staged El-Lajjun oil shale combustion under oxyfuel conditions and conventional air-firing conditions was performed at 1200°C in...
The In-Situ Upgrading (ISU) of heavy oil and oil shale is investigated. We develop a mathematical model for the process and identify the full set of dimensionless numbers describing the model. We demonstrate that for a model with nf fluid components (gas and oil), ns solid components and k chemical reactions, the model was represented by 9+k×(3+nf+ns-2)+8nf+2ns dimensionless numbers. We calculated...
The microstructural evaluation of oil shale is challenging which demands the use of several complementary methods. In particular, an improved insight into the pore network structure and connectivity before, during, and after oil shale pyrolysis is critical to understanding hydrocarbon flow behavior and enhancing recovery. In this experimental study, bulk analyses are combined with traditional and...
The interactions of kerogen with charged mineral entities such as clays in oil shale are important for the development of new processes for extraction of kerogen from oil shales. In this work, the complex 3D structure of Green River Type I kerogen was developed from its seven components or fragments using Siskin’s two-dimensional (2D) structure. Sodium (Na)-montmorillonite, one of the minerals identified...
Pyrolysis of an oil shale starts with cleavage of covalent bonds to generate radical fragments which is followed by coupling of the radical fragments to form volatiles (shale oil and gas) and char. The radical’s reaction determines the distribution, composition and quality of pyrolysis products. However, information about the bond cleavage and the radicals’ reaction during oil shale pyrolysis is very...
This article presents an overview on carbon chemical structure transformation to understand kerogen thermal decomposition based on the chemical structure of kerogen. Formation of kerogen is highlighted to distinguish the typical types of kerogen containing in oil shale and coal. The oil production potential for oil shale and coal is found to little correlate with their organic amounts but to depend...
We demonstrate the applicability of near-infrared (NIR) imaging for quantifying the spatial distribution of kerogen content in organic-rich shales with sub-millimeter resolution over cores that can span hundreds of feet in depth. We develop models that are validated for the thermally immature oil shale of the Mahogany zone in the Green River Formation. They utilize either all or part of the NIR reflectance...
Owing to the lack of conventional oil resources, oil shale from the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the southern Ordos Basin has attracted unprecedented attention. The origin of organic matter and the paleo-sedimentary environment of oil shale are discussed. Based on the results of total organic carbon (TOC), total sulfur (TS), rock pyrolysis, organic elements, vitrinite reflectance (Ro), biomarkers,...
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