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An experimental study was conducted on a four-cylinder diesel engine added with 0%, 10% and 30% 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF). The combustion characteristic, nitric oxide (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions under different fuel injection timing were measured and well discussed, especially the particle size distribution (PSD), particle number and mass concentration. The results indicated that the...
Ammonia as an alternative fuel and hydrogen carrier has received increased attention in recent years. To explore the potential of co-firing ammonia with methane for power generation, studies involving robust mathematical analyses are required to progress towards industrial implementation. To explore a best suited mechanism for ammonia/methane combustion in gas turbines, five different detailed mechanisms...
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particle emissions from a light-duty diesel car with B10 (10% biodiesel from cooking oil +90% diesel, v/v) and G10 (10% GTL fuel +90% diesel, v/v) were investigated under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). The car was equipped with a high-pressure common rail system, cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). Results show that G10 has...
In this work, we report the catalytic activity of V2O5/TiO2, V2O5-WO3/TiO2 and WO3/TiO2-nanotube model catalysts in removing NO with NH3 via the SCR process. The catalytic activity includes the effect of SO2 and H2O. We also analyze the effect of WO3 and V2O5 loading upon the surface acidity of the nanotubes, and the effect of WO3 on the V4+/V5+ ratio, and its correlation with the catalytic activity...
This study proposes the use of Grey-Taguchi based multi-response optimization to screen suitable diesel-oxygenate blends for achieving simultaneous reduction of smoke and NOx emissions with maximum performance in a DI diesel engine with minimum number of trials. The effects of factors such as oxygenate type, its blend proportion with diesel and retarded injection timing on emission and performance...
Exhaust emissions emitted by a non-road mobile machine were studied chasing a tractor in real-world conditions and repeating the same transient tests with a similar engine on an engine dynamometer where additionally, non-road steady state tests were carried out. The engines were equipped with an oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system, and they were fuelled by fossil...
The gas (mainly NO and SO2) emission and ash characteristics from combustion of high ash content antibiotic mycelial residue (AMR) rich in N and S were investigated using a laboratory scale fluidized bed combustor, and the effects of addition of water vapor studied at the same time. The tested combustion temperature, excess air ratio (α) and mass ratios of water vapor-to-fuel (WV/F) varied in 750–950°C,...
Blend of diesel and gasoline (Dieseline) has been proven useful to improving premixed compression ignition (PCI) combustion but it is associated with combustion instability at low load conditions. In this study, a new strategy is developed using high rate of hot-EGR and lower injection pressure for the combustion control. The viability and benefits of PCI using the new strategy are evaluated with...
The impact of the methyl butanoate (MB) oxidation in NO formation is examined in stoichiometric low pressure (5.3kPa) flames. Flame structure analysis in three CH4/MB/O2/N2 flames was performed by using GC measurements. Focus was put on the prompt-NO formation in these flames thanks to laser based diagnostics allowing CH, NO and temperature profiles measurements. Experimental results show a decrease...
Fe-based additives can be used to improve coal combustion and reduce NOx emissions; further to this, iron oxide (Fe2O3) has been found to interact with ammonia. Therefore, it is critically imperative to understand and assess the impact of the Fe-based additive on the use of ammonia based selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) and to evaluate the economic feasibility of such a combination for full-scale...
Staged combustion induces the reduction of NO to generate N2 through the formation of a fuel-rich zone upstream of the flue gas and utilizes the unburned gas by supplying sufficient air for combustion downstream of the flue gas. Since power generation schedules are very constrained and only specific and limited tests can be planned and executed, the use of numerical simulations is currently more suitable...
The influence of iron and tungsten in the Mn/Ti catalyst system on the activity and H2O induced deactivation was evaluated for the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO. The properties of the catalysts were characterized by physicochemical measurements, including BET surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), H2 temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR), NH3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH3-TPD),...
This work has investigated a multi-pollutant flue gas cleaning concept based on oxidation using chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas with subsequent absorption. The chlorine dioxide gas converts the relatively insoluble nitric oxide (NO) to the more soluble nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This makes a downstream wet scrubbing process feasible for simultaneous removal of sulphur oxides (SOx) and nitrogen dioxide (NO...
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