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In the ever-increasing demand for alternative fuels, one promising solution is the partial substitution of conventional fossil fuel with biofuel rather than completely replacing it. In this experimental study, a 300kWth (thermal power) oil-fired furnace is fueled with blends of crude castor oil and diesel to examine the feasibility of using these blends as a substitute for pure diesel in industrial...
This study involved comprehensively investigating pollutant emissions and control methods of NO, SO2, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins (PCDD/Fs) in the combustion of biomass pellets prepared with hazardous waste of coal tar residue (CTR) as a binder. The NO emissions from moso bamboo pellets and SO2 emissions from wheat straw pellets corresponded to the highest emissions among the...
Oil production from unconventional tight Bakken reservoirs in North America has been booming since the early 2000s because of the widespread application of horizontal well drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing technologies. Tight oil recovery is made difficult by the extremely low permeability and porosity of the oil-hosting rocks. Two key characteristics in tight oil production are the steep...
Resonantly stabilized radicals play an important role in the formation of aromatics. In this work, the pyrolysis (φ=∞) and oxidation (φ=1 and 2) of 1,5-hexadiene, diluted in He, has been studied experimentally in a jet-stirred reactor at atmospheric pressure. The temperature was varied between 500 and 1100K and the residence time was fixed at 2s. Gas chromatography was used to determine the reactor...
A demonstration test on the co-firing of a high-ratio of woody biomass (25% energy basis) with coal in a 150-MW class pulverized-coal boiler was conducted in Japan for the first time. To investigate the effect of the co-firing on the corrosion of the boiler heat-transfer tubes inside furnace wall and superheater, we collected the initial layer of the ash deposits (initial deposits) by inserting water-air-cooled...
Mn-Cu mixed oxides were deposited by ultrasonic impregnation on ceramic honeycomb monoliths. Its catalytic performance was evaluated in the combustion of ethanol and n-hexane, VOC molecules of different chemical nature. The catalysts were characterized by N2 physisorption, SEM-EDS, XRD, X-ray fluorescence, XPS, TPR, TPD-O2 and OSC measurements. It was observed that the catalyst with the lowest content...
The coal-based solid acid catalysts are synthesized by incomplete carbonization followed by sulfonation approach and their activities in catalyzing esterification of oleic acid with methanol are subsequently investigated. For characterizations of catalyst, N2 adsorption and desorption, ultimate analysis, XRD, SEM, XPS, TG, FTIR and acid amount test are employed. The synthesis conditions are optimized...
The aim of this research was to correlate the chemical and physical characteristics of bitumen samples with the Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Based on the FTIR analyses of 32 bitumen samples of different refineries, viscosity and ageing states using the attenuated total reflection (ATR) technology with multiple reflections, the gained spectra were evaluated with the chemometrical...
This study reports the briquetting and carbonization processes of naturally grown algae biomass collected from regional lakes. After drying them in air and chopping them into small pieces (∼2.5×2.5cm), three different briquetting pressures (e.g., 2, 3, and 5tons/cm2) were applied to form algae briquettes with 3–5% moisture content. Three major investigations were performed on the prepared samples...
In this work, the advantages provided by supercritical water (SCW) to one of the most extended methods to produce H2, the gasification of carbonaceous materials, are investigated. The broad range of experimental conditions assayed (1–1000bar) allows not only the comparison of the use of steam and SCW but also the investigation of how H2 production varies within the supercritical region. The results...
The stability of turbulent non-premixed biogas flame was studied experimentally by varying the fuel composition (i.e., changing the carbon dioxide content in the fuel, which is mainly composed of CH4 and CO2) and altering the fuel nozzle geometry. The fuel was discharged through a central nozzle surrounded by a co-axial airflow passing through a low-swirl (25°-angle vanes) generator. The results revealed...
Inorganic matter and some ash-forming elements of biomass may cause numerous technological and environmental problems during biomass processing. Therefore, an extended overview of the ash contents and ash-forming elements of biomass and their significance for solid biofuel combustion was conducted based on reference peer-reviewed data plus own investigations. Initially, some general considerations...
Nature has evolved and designed enzymes to perform an exquisite array of tasks, but in the pursuit of biotechnological interests, these enzymes must often be improved, altered, or even completely redesigned. In the present work, production of biodiesel was carried out using Neem oil and methanol catalysed by “engineered” Proteus vulgaris lipase (PVL). Two major issues have been addressed in this study...
This work deals with the abundance, mode of occurrence, and origin of fluorine in Lopingian coals from the Lalang Coal Mine, Guangxi, southern China. The Lalang coal has a semi-anthracite rank and is characterized by superhigh-organic-sulfur (SHOS) content (4.46–11.34%). Fluorine concentration was determined by pyrohydrolysis plus a fluorine ion-selective electrode. Fluorine presents a significantly-enriched...
A series of P-promoted non-noble metal Cu-based catalysts without alkalis and Fischer-Tropsch elements were prepared by a complete liquid-phase method and tested for the synthesis of higher alcohols (C2+OH) from syngas in slurry bed reactor. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, 27Al-MAS-NMR, N2 adsorption, XPS, H2-TPR and NH3-TPD techniques. Results showed that the incorporation of an appropriate...
This work reports the distribution of selected trace elements, including Hg, As, Cr, Cd and Pb, from different sampling locations in a 300MW coal-fired power plant. The plant is equipped with low NOx burners, a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification system, an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and a wet flue gas desulphurization system (WFGD). It was found that Cd is approximately evenly...
A series of methane sorption experiments were conducted at reservoir temperature, 60°C and pressures up to 18MPa for seven fresh, over mature Lower Permian-Upper Carboniferous shale core samples collected from the Ordos Basin with depths over 3000m and TOCs ranging 0.49–3.82wt%. The measured maxima of excess sorption capacity of methane range from 1.36 to 2.38 m3/t. Maximum sorption capacity did not...
The alteration of wettability can be a key mechanism for additional oil production from hydrocarbon reservoirs worldwide. This paper models thermally-induced wettability alteration from hot-water imbibition in naturally fractured reservoirs (NFRs). Hot-water (or steam) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in fractured reservoirs can lead to increased oil recovery by enhancing water imbibition into matrix blocks,...
The goal of this work was to analyse and compare the environmental impacts of three production methods of butanol. The first one is based on the oxo synthesis and the others use ABE (acetone, butanol and ethanol) fermentation. A life cycle assessment for all alternatives under study was carried out. The ABE fermentation using corn as substrate presents the highest environmental impact and the ABE...
Due to increasing fuel consumption in various industries, especially in road transport, interest in increasing the market participation of renewable fuels is growing. One such fuel is ethanol. The raw materials for its production include sugar beets, sugar cane, potatoes and many other starch-containing plants. Ethanol can be used as a pure fuel in positive-ignition engines that have undergone relatively...
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