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Results are presented of tests with a variable compression ratio Ricardo E6 single-cylinder spark-ignition engine operating on simulated biogas formed from different mixtures of domestic natural gas and carbon dioxide. The fraction of carbon dioxide in the simulated biogas was changed from 0 to about 40% by volume to cover the range typically encountered in sources of biogas in practice. The tests...
H 2 production was studied through steam reforming of a clean model biogas in a fluidized-bed reactor followed by two stages of CO shift reactions (fixed-bed reactors). The steam reforming of biogas was performed over 11.5 wt.% Ni/Al 2 O 3 and a molar CH 4 /CO 2 ratio of 1.5 was employed as clean model biogas. Excess steam resulted in strong inhibition of carbon...
Catalytic steam reforming of a model biogas (CH 4 /CO 2 =60/40) is investigated to produce H 2 -rich synthesis gas. Gas engines benefit from synthesis gas fuel in terms of higher efficiency and lower NO x production when compared to raw biogas or CH 4 . The process is realized in a fixed bed reactor with a Ni-based catalyst on CaO/Al 2 O 3 support...
Methane and CO 2 are the main components of biogas; therefore its direct conversion into a higher added value gas as syn-gas (mixture of CO and H 2 ) is a very interesting alternative for the valorisation of such renewable resource. In this work, firstly a thermodynamic analysis of the decomposition of CH 4 :CO 2 mixtures at different temperatures and CH 4 :CO...
This study was performed to investigate the effect of biogas–biodiesel fuel combustion on the emissions reduction and nanoparticle characteristics in a direct injection (DI) diesel engine. In order to apply the two biofuels, biogas was injected into a premixed chamber during the intake process by using two electronically controlled gas injectors, and biodiesel fuel was directly injected into combustion...
A single cylinder diesel engine was modified to operate as a biogas operated spark ignition engine. The engine was operated at 1500rpm at throttle opening of 25% and 100% at various equivalence ratios. The tests were covered a range of equivalence ratios from rich to the lean operating limit and a number of compression ratios. The spark timing was set to MBT (Minimum advance for Best Torque). The...
An anaerobic process for the treatment of spoiled milk from the milk processing industry was investigated. It was carried out in a laboratory scale batch reactor and using the obtained data, it was scaled up to a pilot Anaerobic Sequential Batch Reactor (ASBR). The processes include acclimatization of seed consortia and start up of the reactor under room condition. The batch reactor was studied at...
Porous media combustion constitutes a particularly attractive technology, allowing operation in ultra-lean combustion regimes with excellent fuel interchangeability and low levels of pollutant emissions. This work presents a comprehensive experimental characterization of a state-of-the-art porous burner fuelled with a simulated biogas mixture, in terms of thermal efficiency and pollutant emissions...
Alkaline pretreatment with NaOH was used to improve biogas production from softwood pine. The pretreatments were carried out with 8.0%w/w NaOH solution at two temperatures (0 and 100°C) for different periods of time (10, 30 and 60min). By anaerobic digestion of the treated and untreated materials to biogas, significant effects of the pretreatments on the yield of methane were clearly observed. The...
The paper show the techno economical indications for the upgrading process started from biogas with the scope to produce biomethane for the grid injection and delivered to households and industry or alternatively, it can be used as a fuel for CNG-vehicles. The present work give the numerical simulation with a commercial polymeric membrane, PEEK-SEP™ hollow fiber membranes of the PoroGen Corporation,...
Among the different efforts towards the reduction in pollutant emissions from direct injection (DI) diesel engines, the use of gaseous fuels as a partial supplement for diesel fuel has been proposed by many researchers. An experimental investigation was performed to investigate the influence of dual-fuel combustion on the performance and exhaust emissions of a DI diesel engine fueled with natural...
The present report gives experimental and numerical simulation results for a pilot biogas upgrading plant using, PEEK-SEP™ polymeric hollow fiber membrane manufactured by PoroGen Corp., a US based company that specializes in industrial separation process. Technical gases composed of methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen and nitrogen with a composition similar to the real biogas derived from anaerobic...
In this work, the energetic feasibility of using tobacco (not tobacco waste materials) as a raw material in the process of anaerobic digestion has been studied in terms of methane production, in order to demonstrate the potentiality of tobacco plant to be used as an energy crop.Long-term experiments have been performed at the laboratory scale with and without a regulation of the substrate pH and within...
Alkaline pretreatment of wheat plant (WP), including its grains and straw, was investigated under different conditions in order to enhance biomethane production at mesophilic temperature. Alkaline pretreatment was performed using 8% (w/v) NaOH solution at different temperatures (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100°C). The best improvement in the yield of methane production was achieved by pretreatment at 75°C for...
Biogas is an important renewable energy resource that is mostly methane but contains up to 40% carbon dioxide by volume. As the carbon dioxide is a diluent, it reduces the laminar burning velocity, the flame stability and the flammability range, all of which can have adverse effects on combustion system performance. When used in gas turbines, spark ignited gas engines and dual fuel engines it is important...
Combustion results obtained from a spark ignition engine fueled with two synthetic gases obtained from catalytic decomposition of biogas are presented in this paper. These results are compared with those obtained when the engine was fueled with gasoline, methane and with the biogas from which synthetic gases are extracted. Experimental tests were performed under a wide range of speeds and at three...
Mechanical mixtures of nickel oxide and iron oxide doped with small quantities of ceria and alumina (2wt%), have been tested as suitable solids to jointly produce and purify hydrogen from an equimolar mixture of CH 4 and CO 2 simulating a desulfurized biogas. Since the solid mixture constitutes a reactant within the system, most part of the experiments has been carried out in a thermogravimetric...
A portfolio of catalysts with a nominal composition 15wt.%Ni+(0/5wt.%)Co/M a O x –N a O x –Al 2 O 3 (where M=Mg, Ca, La, Y, Gd; N=Al, Zr) were synthesized and evaluated for biogas reforming application. Structure activity relations (SARs) were designed to help explain the significant difference in activity observed among the catalysts containing monometallic...
A comparative study of syngas and biogas fuel blends, comprising of CH4, H2, CO, and CO2, is conducted to validate current natural gas kinetics models and to assess nitric oxide (NO) production from prompt, thermal, NNH, and N2O formation routes. Experiments are conducted at atmospheric-pressure in jet–wall stagnation flames over fuel–air equivalence ratios of 0.7≲ϕ≲1.4. Measurements of flame burning...
Electrochemical pretreatment (EP) with a pair of Ti/RuO 2 mesh plate electrodes was applied to solubilize waste activated sludge (WAS) with the aid of hypochlorite, and the conventional pretreatment methods of thermal pretreatment (THP), thermal-alkaline pretreatment (TAP) and alkaline pretreatment (AP) were also introduced as the comparative cases. In this study, Growth Rate of Solubilization...
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