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As the fossil fuels are depleting with time, the research work in the biofuels domain is rapidly growing. The blends of biofuel can be used as automobile fuel and the existing methods to detect the blending ratio have heavy one-time test cost, need controlled environment and require experienced operators. It is well observed that fuel mixture affects lubricating properties of the fuel and thereby...
The relation between the chemical composition of bitumen and the physical properties, such as viscosity or viscoelasticity is very important for the use of bitumen as an advanced construction material. In view of the limited understanding of the exact molecular structure of the millions of different molecules constituting bitumen, many different proposals for the structure of bitumen have been published...
The viscosity is one of the most important transport properties of a fuel, influencing especially the injection system, mainly at low temperatures when viscosity increases. Biodiesel is considered an alternative fuel for diesel engines, but some of its properties such as density and viscosity, have higher values than those of diesel fuel. In this paper, the viscosity of binary blends biodiesel+diesel...
In the search for alternative fuels that can gradually replace petroleum derivatives, biodiesel is highlighted as a substitute for diesel and it is defined as a biofuel obtained from transesterification of triglycerides. Despite of several advantages over mineral diesel, an elementary disadvantage of biodiesel is its low oxidative stability, which is strongly influenced by the unsaturation degree...
This study reports new experimental viscosity measurements at high pressure and high temperature for a sour natural gas mixture. The measurements were conducted with a capillary tube viscometer at pressures ranging from 10.3 to 138MPa and temperatures up to 444K. The study develops a comprehensive model to predict natural gas viscosity in a wide range of pressures, temperatures and compositions. The...
Viscosity is a first and foremost function both for theory and application. By approximating the interaction potential of molecule in fluidic fuel as constant and proposing a new method to calculate the momentum transfer by means of the radius of averaged volume per molecule, an equation of viscosity versus temperature was derived, which were found in good agreement with a lot of data from gaseous...
Herein we describe the application of historical data design under response surface methodology to formulate the correlation of the fuel spray SMD (Sauter Mean Diameter) with factors (viscosity, fuel injection pressure, air-blast pressure). The Design Expert software was used to analyze the experimental data to obtain the equation between the factors and the response. The range of the values of variables...
The viscosity of bitumen is extremely high at low temperature (reservoir and atmospheric conditions). Therefore, the viscosity reduction is essential for bitumen production, pipeline transportation, and processing. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of temperature, pressure, and solvent weight fraction on the physical properties of bitumen. The experiments were conducted using Athabasca...
The thermal, flow, and heating properties of unrefined fish oils (anchovy–sardine oil derived from fish processing waste, and unrefined salmon oil derived from salmon discards) blended with bunker ‘A’ oil (a common heating oil) were investigated. The rheological properties of the blends were examined and modeled using an Arrhenius equation approach. The onset of thermal degradation of waste fish oil,...
Straight vegetable oil (SVO) such as canola oil, is one alternative fuel that can be used mainly in agriculture. In this experimental engine study, a diesel engine equipped with a modern common rail system was used to determine engine modifications for canola oil operation. Due to high viscosity and high surface tension of canola oil, engines without specific modifications can cause incomplete combustion,...
When preparing a blend, a “new” oil is formed with characteristics that are different when compared to the original matrix (oil or blend). Thus, it is important to evaluate the impact of this mixture on the new physicochemical properties produced. In this study, four oils were used for the production of 68 blends as follows: two offshore oils designated as A and B (American Petroleum Industry (API)...
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