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This study is a part of a project that is targeted to optimize the pyrolysis process of biomass pellets for bio-oil production and to develop new technology to upgrade the bio-oil for use in transportation. Among others, study of pyrolysis of the biomass pellets and evaporation of the pyrolysis bio-oil droplets are two key tasks. This paper presents an effort towards a generic model that is beneficial...
Crude bio-oil derived from biomass pyrolysis is inappropriate for applying in any combustion engines due to its large amount of oxygenated compounds inducing bio-oil with instability, high corrosiveness and low heating value. Thus, the aim of this research was to improve the quality of oil palm shell (OPS)-derived pyrolysis oil containing high amount of oxygenated compounds (molar oxygen/carbon (O/C)...
Thermal cracking or fast pyrolysis of waste cooking oil (WCO) was performed in a continuous pilot plant operating under isothermal conditions. The experiments were carried out varying the temperature (475, 500 and 525°C) and the residence time (5–70s) to obtain experimental data in order to construct a kinetic model based on chemical lumps. The kinetic model of the waste cooking oil is based on four...
In this study, pyrolysis of hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.) shell residues was investigated to determine the optimum pyrolysis conditions and the physical and chemical characteristics of bio-oil and bio-char. Experiments were performed at the pyrolysis temperatures of 400, 450, 500, 550 and 600°C, heating rates of 7, 15, 30 and 50°Cmin−1 and nitrogen flow rates of 50,100 and 150cm3min−1. The highest...
A preliminary study of a new route for the valorization of microalgal biomass including protein and biofuels recovery is presented. The study involved consecutive steps of soluble protein extraction using alkaline conditions, followed by lipid extraction for biodiesel production. After both extraction processes, the spent biomass was used as feedstock for bio-oil production through pyrolysis at 500°C...
Bifunctional ruthenium catalysts supported on H-Beta zeolite were designed and applied in the hydrodeoxygenation of lignin-derived phenolic compounds for bio-oil upgrading. The oxygen-containing groups in lignin-derived phenolic monomers and dimers could be efficiently removed through aqueous phase hydrodeoxygenation catalyzed by Ru/H-Beta under very mild conditions, i.e. at 413K and 4MPa H2. Characterization...
In this work, pyrolysis technology was used to convert biomass and waste to energy. Polystyrene wastes (Thermocol) were co-pyrolyzed with non-edible seed (such as Karanja and Niger) to enhance the quality of pyrolytic oil. The aim was to enhance the calorific value, cold flow properties and to reduce the viscosity of co-pyrolytic oil. For that purpose, waste polystyrene was mixed with the seeds in...
A hydrodeoxygenation reaction (HDO) of bio-oil was conducted with Ru/C and Pt/C. Yield of heavy oil as a target product was influenced by reaction temperature irrespective of catalysts. HDO gave rise to an improvement in the following oil properties: water content, heating value, viscosity, acidity and oxygen level. Due to the de-moisturization, 61.6–97.2% of water decreased. Ru/C and Pt/C led to...
The superficial similarities between petroleum and bio-oil have encouraged efforts to employ petroleum hydroprocessing in the upgrading of bio-oil. Any facile comparison is overshadowed by the fact that petroleum consists of non-polar hydrocarbons that are relatively stable, requiring elevated temperatures and pressures to encourage chemical transformations, whereas bio-oil consists of oxygenated...
Hydrodeoxygenation is considered a promising technology to convert bio-oils to liquid transportation fuels. Recently we tested a hydrodeoxygenation method to convert oxidized bio-oil to increase liquid fuel yield, reduce char and reduce required hydrogen. In this current study we tested direct hydrocracking of the oxidized bio-oil to produce high-energy liquid hydrocarbons. We tested various reaction...
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of cuticular materials from Agave americana and Capsicum annuum was performed for extended periods of time (72h) at 360°C meant to simulate long-term maturation of the organic matter. Both cuticular materials displayed evidence for possible oil production from the amounts of polymethylenic carbons in 13 C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The bio-oil...
Bio-oil can be fractionated into three parts according to their boiling point. Here we report that diesel distillate and residual oil fractions can be converted into high-quality fuels by catalytic hydrocracking with the combined CoMoS/Al2O3 and HZSM-5 catalysts. Under the conditions of 390°C and 6MPa H2, a high yield (87.0wt.%) of liquid products was obtained. The compositions were C7–C14 hydrocarbons,...
This study investigates the effect of major impurities in crude glycerol (water, soap, NaCl and NaOH) on the solubility and fuel properties of glycerol/methanol/bio-oil blends. All the impurities considered are found to worsen the solubility of glycerol in the bio-oil to some degree. The effect of water and soap on glycerol solubility in the bio-oil only becomes significant when the water to bio-oil...
Co-pyrolysis of sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass has been studied in order to improve the composition of the bio-oil derived from sewage sludge fast pyrolysis as well as progress on the viability of this waste valorization. Fast pyrolysis of a mixture of 50wt.% sewage sludge and 50wt.% pinewood sawdust has been carried out in continuous mode at 500°C in a conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR)...
The distilled fraction of bio-oil can be converted into aromatic hydrocarbons via co-cracking with ethanol over the catalyst of Hydrogen Zeolite Socony Mobile-Five (HZSM-5). To further improve the selectivity of aromatics, the influences of different metal oxides loaded onto HZSM-5 were investigated and a range of model compounds were selected and mixed to simulate the distilled fraction of bio-oil...
In this study, fast microwave-assisted catalytic co-pyrolysis of microalgae and scum on HZSM-5 catalyst for bio-oil production was investigated. The effects of co-pyrolysis temperature, catalyst to feed ratio, and microalgae to scum ratio on bio-oil yield and composition were examined. Experimental results show that temperature had great influence on the co-pyrolysis process. The optimal temperature...
Slow pyrolysis of wheat straw and wheat husk has been carried out using microporous zeolite catalysts such as H-ZSM-5, mordenite and Y zeolite. Catalyst testing has been carried out at two positions in the reactor; one where it is mixed with the feed and other, by placing it in a catalyst boat to allow vapour phase contact. The thermal experiments have been carried out at 300, 350, 400 and 450°C and...
In this study, the direct and catalytic pyrolysis of microalgae Tetraselmis suecica was conducted to determine the composition of bio-oil obtained. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that at high heating rate, the decomposition temperature and volatile matter evolution increased. Direct pyrolysis results identified the optimum temperature for bio-oil production to be 400°C. The bio-oil produced from...
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