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Pyrolysis liquids from the slow pyrolysis of a german brown coal obtained at different pyrolysis temperatures were analyzed by electrospray ionization fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FT-ICR-MS) in negative ion mode. Singly charged ions in the range from m/z=200 to 700 were observed. Assignment of molecular formulas revealed mainly oxygen containing species, which are...
Significant ecological concerns and attractive financial opportunities are raised by growing deposits of waste coal fines in the United States. These fines can potentially be utilized by extrusion or roller press briquetting along with a binder to impart mechanical strength and water resistance to the briquettes. This research focuses on low density polyethylene (LDPE) as a binder, which is abundant...
The release of harmful gases during the combustion of coal due to the presence of ash and sulfur, as a coal associated impurities, has negative effects on the environment as well as on the efficiency of power plants. Removal of ash and sulfur from coal is one of the crucial issues that attract researchers’ attention. Several separation techniques were tested for ash and sulfur removal from coal. Bioseparation...
Unconventional gas, such as shale gas or coalbed methane offers an attractive low-carbon solution and furthermore provides possibilities for CO 2 -storage and coevally for enhanced gas recovery. In order to better understand gas and water interaction with organic matter (natural coal) of different maturity we developed a molecular concept with experimental and literature support for sorption...
The objective of this research is to study the effect of the composite catalyst, FeCO 3 –Na 2 CO 3 , on gasification of a low-sulfur sub-bituminous Wyodak coal from the Powder River Basin (PRB) of Wyoming. The catalytic effects of the composite catalysts were evaluated by comparing their effluent gas compositions and carbon conversion kinetics to those achieved in the presence...
An experimental study on the convection effect on the ignition behavior of single coal particles with size of ∼1.5mm was carried out in an electrically heated vertical tube furnace under various O 2 concentrations and temperatures ranging from 873K to 1123K. Under all test conditions, anthracite particles ignited heterogeneously. However, the ignition mechanism of the bituminous coal particles...
The depletion of fossil fuels like crude oil or natural gas in foreseeable future urges the search for alternative fuels. Alternative resources for the production of fuels are biomass or coal, which have already been the feedstock for the chemical industry decades ago. One way for the production of fuels from theses feedstocks is pyrolysis and current research focuses on the influence of process parameters...
Co-gasified biomass and coal can be considered a potential fuel base for gasification and offers the advantage of a reduction in CO 2 emissions. In addition, use of biomass could contribute to a reduction in fossil fuel dependency. In this study, a mixture of coal and biomass was placed in a lab-scale tube furnace and co-pyrolyzed to be transformed to a char under nitrogen atmosphere. Three...
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is an attractive technique for characterizing the structure of shale at length scales less than 100nm that are relevant to the storage and transport of hydrocarbons. The fine structure of hydrocarbon-bearing shale is in large part governed by the mass fraction and thermal maturity of the immobile organic phase known as kerogen. To correctly interpret and normalize...
Thermoplasticity and coke strength of individual coals and coal blends were improved by addition of coal extracts. Thus, this process caused the coals to bind better. Additionally, the strength of coke increased after the addition of 0–10 wt% of extracts from various caking coals. This result fully demonstrates that the extracts are a useful binder for coals.
Several studies have shown that the presence of high amounts of Zn, in addition to other elements, in fuels can be a cause of operational difficulties during combustion due to corrosion and slagging and can also cause environmental and health problems due to emissions. In nature, Zn is an essential micronutrient for humans, animals and plants, but in excessive amounts it becomes toxic. This paper...
Bergius process for coal liquefaction was patented one century ago. It constituted the first application of dispersed phase catalysts in slurry reactors, considered as once-through disposable solids. Starting from waste materials as additive, the role of catalysts in the conversion of heavy carbonaceous feeds like coal of petroleum residues was progressively identified. Cracking activity was initially...
Coal collected from Meghalaya state situated in northeastern (NE) region of India contains about 6.17% total sulphur (4.7% organic) with a gross calorific value of 26,208J/g. In the present study, the coal sample was subjected to biodesulphurization along with optimization of various process parameters using a bacteria isolated from the native coal mine site. The native bacterium was identified to...
This article describes an experimental investigation on ash deposit formation during the co-firing of coal with agricultural residues (wheat straw, olive stones and peach stones), whose main objective was to relate the deposition rate, morphology and composition of the deposits with the type of biomass used in the co-combustion process. The study was conducted in a large-scale laboratory furnace for...
Coal-fired power plants provided between 45% and 50% of the United States net energy generation in the years between 1999 and 2010 and will continue to be a primary source of electricity into the future. Among the major environmental concerns of coal utilization is the release of mercury (Hg), which was recently regulated by the US EPA in the Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS) ruling in December...
A new method was developed to infer the HGI (Hardgrove Grindability Index) values from the product fineness indicator, t 10 , predicted by the multi-component breakage model. A total of 41 sets of JKFBC (JK Fine-particle Breakage Characteriser) tests, on coals from Australia and China, plus ores containing various minerals and a clinker, were used to validate this method. The JKFBC and the...
Experiments were carried out in a drop tube furnace and a lab-scale plasma reactor to investigate the effects of coal properties, particle ultimate temperature and heating rate (i.e., 10 −1 to 10 1 K/s for slow pyrolysis, 10 2 to 10 4 K/s for fast pyrolysis and 10 4 to 10 6 K/s for rapid plasma pyrolysis processes) on coal devolatilization performances...
An improved method for coal breakage characterisation has been developed at the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre (JKMRC). Part 1 of this paper presents the breakage testing method and results, Part 2 gives a breakage model that determines the energy-size reduction relationship for multi-components of particle size and coal density, and Part 3 demonstrates the applications of the model for...
A multi-component breakage model has been developed at the Julius Kruttschnitt Mineral Research Centre (JKMRC) to describe the energy–size reduction in relation to particle size and density for coal breakage characterisation. The model takes the following form: t10=M(RD/RDmin)c·{1-exp[-fmat·x·E]}. The model incorporates four parameters and fits 60 JKFBC (JK Fine-particle Breakage Characteriser) test...
CFD modeling results for entrained flow coal gasification using advanced submodels for coal conversion are presented and compared to detailed experimental data. The focus of this investigation is on the accurate modeling of the char conversion process. The CBK/E and CBK/G models are used for calibrating a simplified Single Nth-Order Reaction (SNOR) kinetic model, which is suitable for CFD calculations...
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