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In this study a non-aqueous potentiometric titration method has been developed to quantify the carboxylic acids and phenolics in bio-oil. Quarternary ammonium hydroxide was used as the titrant and a mixture of tert-butanol and acetone was used as the solvent to differentiate the acidic components with distinct acidities. The heavy carboxylic acids, which cannot be identified with GC–MS, account for...
This study has investigated the hydrotreatment of bio-oil (derived from the fast pyrolysis of mallee woody biomass) in a batch reactor under 10MPa pressure with Pd/C catalyst at temperatures between 150°C and 300°C. Our results indicate that the chemical fractions, coking tendency as well as the aromatic structures are highly influenced by the hydrotreating conditions such as temperature and time...
The endocarp in the chañar (Geoffroea decorticans) fruit, the pericarp in the white palm (Copernicia alba Morong) fruit and the exhausted white palm seeds from the extraction of oil are all residual lignocellulosic biomasses from the food processing of these fruits. The pyrolysis was performed at 550°C in a fixed bed reactor during 30min under N 2 flow with a 15°C/min heating ramp from room...
Red mud which enriched with various metal oxides was impregnated into oil palm biomass-empty fruit bunch (EFB) to study its effect on pyrolysis product. During impregnation, most of the biomass inherent minerals (mainly K, Ca and Mg) were removed and simultaneously red mud compounds (mainly Fe, Al and Ti) were impregnated into EFB. Biomass impregnation of red mud derived compounds was enhanced by...
Fast pyrolysis of birch bark sawdust with partial (air) oxidation was studied in a bubbling fluidized bed reactor at reaction temperatures of 500 and 550°C. The bio-oil vapors were fractionated using a series of three condensers maintained at desired temperatures, providing a dry bio-oil with less than 1wt.% water and over 93% of the total bio-oil energy.Oxygen feed was varied to study its effect...
Partial oxidative pyrolysis of red oak was studied in a laboratory-scale, continuous fluidized bed reactor. The concentration of oxygen in sweep gas was between 0.525% and 8.40% (v/v), corresponding to equivalence ratios of 0.034–0.539. The influence of oxygen on the distribution and properties of pyrolysis products was investigated using various analytical methods, including GC–MS/FID, IC, HPLC and...
Conventional pyrolysis of Niger seed was investigated in a semi batch reactor with and without the presence of catalyst. Thermal pyrolysis yielded maximum 34.5% of oil (by weight basis) at 550°C temperature. The catalytic pyrolysis was carried out using catalysts Al 2 O 3 , CaO and Kaolin at 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 feed to catalyst ratio at this temperature. The yield and fuel properties...
The fast pyrolysis of rice husk has been performed in the 400–600°C range in a continuous pyrolysis bench-scale plant equipped with a conical spouted bed reactor (CSBR) with continuous removal of the char. In this paper it is studied the influence of temperature on product yields and products composition (gas, bio-oil and char) as well as the effect over the char properties. Bio-oil yield is very...
In order to evaluate the performance of a novel batch fluidized microreactor, called “the Jiggle Bed Reactor”, in producing reliable and reproducible data and its functionality in relation to changes in operating parameters, non-catalytic and catalytic steam reforming of a model compound (acetic acid) was investigated. Silica sand was used as the bed material for non-catalytic tests and a commercial...
A combined system of auger pyrolysis reactor and fixed-bed catalytic reactor was designed and used for continuous pyrolysis and catalytic upgrading of pine wood in this paper. HZSM-5 (Si/Al=38) catalyst was evaluated for catalytic cracking. The distributions of liquid and gaseous products at the pyrolysis temperatures of 400–600°C and the catalytic cracking temperatures of 450–650°C were determined...
Acid infusion of lignocellulosic biomass as a pretreatment prior to fast pyrolysis has been shown to significantly increase the yield of sugar in the products. However, under these conditions char formation increases forming large agglomerates that clog the reactor and eventually interrupt operation of the system. In the present study, partial oxidative pyrolysis of acid infused red oak was performed...
The distillation curves of crude bio-oil from glycerol-assisted hydrothermal liquefaction of swine manure were measured. The crude bio-oil had much higher distillation temperature than diesel and gasoline. Ninety percentage of the crude bio-oil was recovered at a distillation temperature of 498.8°C, compared to 350.4°C for diesel and 177.8°C for gasoline. The remaining 10% of the residue was mainly...
Pyrolysis is an effective method of converting agricultural byproducts to a tarry complex fluid suitable for use as a liquid fuel. While superficially similar in appearance to crude petroleum, pyrolysis oil contains significantly more oxygenated and nitrogenous compounds and up to 30% water by mass. These differences in composition affect both the heating value and viscosity of the fuel. We used the...
The pyrolysis of bio-oil is important in improving the utilization of biomass energy and the environmental protection. In this study, simulations were conducted in the Aspen Plus environment using the Gibbs reactor to simulate the equilibrium compositions of the bio-oil pyrolysis products at different temperatures. The molar heat capacity at constant pressure of the chemical balance system was calculated...
Conversion of pyrolysis oil to hydrocarbons has been successfully performed under high hydrogen pressure in the presence of hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) catalysts at high heat. The high hydrogen pressures utilized are a more expensive application than for a lower hydrogen pressure. Development of a modified HDO method utilizing lower pressure hydrogen with the potential for reduction of hydrogen consumption...
Fractionation, by water addition, is recognized as a strategy for utilization of bio-oil produced from fast pyrolysis process of lignocellulosic biomass. The aqueous fraction was emerged by fractionation which involved water-like and polar compounds such as sugars and furan derivatives. An efficient and selective extraction (80%) of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) already existing in the aqueous fraction...
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