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The addition of renewable fuels to gasoline, such as bio-alcohols or bio-ethers is required in order to be in compliance with current environmental directives. Nevertheless, they change fuel properties which could affect standards compliance, engine performance and air emissions. This paper studies the impact of ethanol (EtOH), isobutanol (iBtOH) or ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) on the Reid Vapour...
The share of diesel fuel in European transport sector, which currently represents over 50% of total demand, is increasing, requiring massive imports of this product, while at the same time, gasoline fuels are today in surplus. In terms of air pollutant emissions, gasoline and kerosene streams have shown potential in achieving lower emissions in Compression Ignition (CI) engines, particularly nitrogen...
This paper presents a method for the prediction of MON (Motor Octane Number) and RON (Research Octane Number) of automotive gasoline using flame emission spectroscopy and multivariate calibration (partial least squares). We obtained low values of RMSEC (root mean square error of calibration) and RMSEP (root mean square error of prediction), of 0.14 and 0.56, respectively for MON, while these values...
In this study, one of the five jets issued from a 5-hole Direct Injection (DI) injector was studied in detail using Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) and high speed imaging techniques. The tests were carried out in a constant volume vessel with absolute ambient pressures ranging from 0.05 to 0.5MPa and injection pressures ranging from 6.0 to 15.0MPa. Throughout the test conditions, the jet trajectory...
The purpose of this investigation is to reduce the exhaust emissions in a diesel engine without any penalty in the combustion performance using a dual-fuel combustion strategy. The in-cylinder direct injection for diesel and the port injection for gasoline and biogas were applied in a single cylinder diesel engine. The diesel used as the in-cylinder injection source was injected at a very early injection...
Liquid transportation fuels require costly and time-consuming tests to characterize metrics, such as Research Octane Number (RON) for gasoline. If fuel sale restrictions requiring use of standard Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) testing procedures do not apply, these tests may be avoided by using multivariate statistical models to predict RON and other quantities. Existing techniques inform these models...
Acid treated halloysite nanotubes were utilized as a support for the NiO and CoO catalysts for the hydrocracking of the heavy oil residua obtained from vacuum distillation of the Azerbaijan crude oils. Halloysite was treated with hydrochloric acid prior to seeding the catalysts. Catalysts were further activated in plasma furnace at 850°C under argon atmosphere. Oil residue was hydrocracked with the...
In-cylinder reforming of a gasoline pilot fuel injection during the negative valve overlap (NVO) period of an engine cycle can be used to alter the fuel-air mixture reactivity in low-temperature gasoline combustion (LTGC). In the present study, the impact of the NVO reformate on main-period engine performance was evaluated experimentally for four single-component surrogate gasoline fuels (iso-octane,...
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