The Infona portal uses cookies, i.e. strings of text saved by a browser on the user's device. The portal can access those files and use them to remember the user's data, such as their chosen settings (screen view, interface language, etc.), or their login data. By using the Infona portal the user accepts automatic saving and using this information for portal operation purposes. More information on the subject can be found in the Privacy Policy and Terms of Service. By closing this window the user confirms that they have read the information on cookie usage, and they accept the privacy policy and the way cookies are used by the portal. You can change the cookie settings in your browser.
Simultaneous analysis of differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DCS) data is the key for identifying probable reactions and extracting their kinetic parameters under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. However, an assumption of kinetically controlled thermal behavior needs to be adequately examined. Mass transfer limitations as well as multiple reactions of...
A simple and fast method for measuring simultaneously the chemical compositions and combustion reactivities of biomasses and evaluating their heterogeneity was developed using a commercial thermogravimetric analyzer. Wood, straw, and bark pellets were selected as the biomass fuels. Compared to the variations observed for volatiles and char contents, the variations of moisture and ash contents for...
Sorption of two diesel fuels and used engine oil by two synthetic zeolites Na-P1 and Na-X derived from fly ash was studied in comparison to natural clinoptilolite and commercial sorbent Absodan. The sorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, bulk density and particle size distribution. Densities and viscosities of the oils were determined,...
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been synthesized by electric arc discharge method using annealed coal electrode in the presence of Fe as well as Ni–Y as catalysts. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been synthesized without using any catalysts. The efforts have also been made to synthesized graphene like nanosheets from bituminous coal. The as-synthesized samples have been characterized...
The aim of this research was to investigate the ethanol fermentation process course and yield from waste wheat–rye bread in the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) conditions at high solids loading (300gkg−1). Moreover the enzymatic liquefaction conditions were modified on the basis of thermal properties of starch and compared to the temperature optimal for α-amylase activity (85°C)...
We obtained liquid–liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for the systems involved in biodiesel production from a low-value feedstock, namely fatty acids from soybean soapstock acid oil (FA-SSAO), at 303.2 and 323.2K. The systems studied were water+ethanol+FA-SSAO and water+ethanol+fatty acid ethyl esters (EE-SSAO). The mass fractions of the compounds in equilibrium in the two phases were determined analytically,...
Gasification is a key process for the thermochemical conversion of coal for both energetic utilization and its application as a chemical feedstock. In this regard low grade coal with high-ash content gains in importance. Because of its high availability, production share is increasing. Therefore, adapted gasifiers of novel design are required to meet the demands associated with converting high-ash...
As concerns about global CO2 emissions grow, there exists a need for widespread commercialization of lower emission building materials such as geopolymers. The commercialization of geopolymers is currently impeded by the high variability of the materials used for their synthesis and limited knowledge of the interrelationships between mix design variables.To overcome these barriers, this work demonstrates...
Mesoporous silica materials incorporated with phosphomolybdic acid (HPMo) have been prepared by the precipitation method and investigated on their oxidative desulfurization of the model fuel oil. The results of the characterizations show that the preparation conditions of HPMo dosage, type of the template and calcination temperature display important influences on the pore structure and the specific...
Biodiesel is considered as an alternative source of energy obtained from renewable materials. This paper presents models based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the density, dynamic viscosity, and cetane number of methyl esters and biodiesel. An experimental database was used for the developing of models, where the input variables in the network were the temperature, number of carbon...
Dynamic measurements of physical, chemical and thermal changes in the transformation of coal maceral concentrates were made during heating at a rate of 10°C/min to 1000°C. The endothermic and exothermic processes were identified by measurements of apparent specific heat while the fluidity was indicated by the estimated thermal conductivity. Measurements of swelling and bed permeability were made,...
A single-step process for a direct conversion of wet algal biomass containing about 80% of water into biodiesel under subcritical methanol conditions is developed and presented in this work. This process may have energetic advantages with high free fatty acid (FFA) and water contents as the feedstock. At elevated temperatures, water hydrolysis and FFA esterification can simultaneously occur in a subcritical...
In the present investigation, the low rank coal samples from North Eastern Region (NER) of India are nodulized and then carbonized in a beehive-type coke oven for their gainful utilization. Different types of binders (e.g. carboxymethyl cellulose and molasses) and an additive (lime) are used to prepare the nodules for increasing their strength and to reduce the emission of sulfur containing gases,...
A series of mesoporous amorphous Ni–ZrO2 composite oxides with varying Ni contents were prepared by an improved co-precipitation/reflux digestion method and evaluated in the dry reforming of methane. The synthesis method enabled the preparation of uniformly sized Ni particles evenly dispersed within the porous amorphous zirconia matrix. The catalytic reaction results showed that mesoporous amorphous...
A numerical reservoir model was created to optimize Huff-and-Puff operations in the Bakken Shale. Huff-and-Puff is an enhanced oil recovery method in which a well alternates between injection, soaking, and production. Injecting CO2 (or other gases) into the formation and allowing it to “soak” re-pressurizes the reservoir and improves oil mobility, boosting production from the well. A compositional...
Reforming is a key enabling technology for the production of tar and hydrocarbon free synthesis gas from biomass. In this work, two different reforming concepts, steam and autothermal reforming, were studied for cleaning of biomass-derived gasification gas. Long-term laboratory scale experiments (around 500h) were carried out with two model biomass gasification gas compositions with low and medium...
The contents of Au, Ga, As, Sb and other elements in two hundred and thirty-four samples of coal, partings, roof and floor collected from Guizhou Province, China were analyzed by Instrumental Neutron-Activation Analysis (INAA). In order to discuss the relationship between Au, Ga in coal and in coal ash, the contents of Au and Ga in 815°C coal ash were also determined by INAA and partial Ga by Inductively...
To produce 2,5-dimethylfurane (DMF), an organic compound with fuel properties, carbohydrates were processed in a slurry reactor, by catalytic dehydration and hydrogenolysis. Fructose dehydration was evaluated with the conversion of fructose at a range of 423–463K and under a pressure of 34.5 and 51.7bar of argon in the presence of a γ-Al2O3 catalyst. The simultaneous dehydration/hydrogenolysis operation...
This paper investigates the effect of a small amount of a strong electron-donating solvent (or high electron donor number solvent) on the solvent swelling of covalently and non-covalently cross-linked Kukersite oil shale kerogen in non-polar solvents. The non-polar (or non-specifically interacting) solvents used in the study were benzene, o-xylene and tetralin. The specifically interacting (or swelling...
Biodiesel production provides an alternative non-fossil fuel without the need to redesign current direct injection engine technology. In this work biodiesel production from castor oil was analyzed studying all of the main variables of the process. Experimental design was used to evaluate the influence of catalyst concentration, methanol:oil molar ratio, reaction temperature and reaction time in the...
Set the date range to filter the displayed results. You can set a starting date, ending date or both. You can enter the dates manually or choose them from the calendar.