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Adult, male rats were presented in their home cages with either a nonalcoholic beer, the nonalcoholic beer with 10% ethanol added, or a choice between the two fluids. Although alcohol intake was increased by using the beer vehicle when alcohol was presented as the only available fluid, total daily consumption was not found greater than previous studies using other tastants to mask the alcohol taste...
The specific question was how prenatal and/or postnatal experience with ethanol influences cardiac and behavioral responses to the odor of ethanol on postnatal day (PD) 16. In each of two experiments, pregnant rats were given ethanol or water on gestational days 17-20. Offspring were exposed on PD12 to one of three conditions: intragastric administration of 6% ethanol, indirect exposure to ethanol...
Amperozide (FG5606), a 5-HT 2 receptor antagonist, is well known to suppress alcohol consumption in different rat models of drinking. The present study compared the efficacy of three drugs, FG5974, FG5893, and amperozide, which have differential affinities for 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors, on alcohol drinking in the genetic alcohol-preferring (P) rat. After preference...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and catalase enzymatic activities in brain were assayed and compared to measures of alcohol consumption in two groups of animals screened and maintained on free-choice alcohol access under different conditions. In the first group of Long-Evans rats screened and maintained in home cages, mean alcohol intake was 3.49 g/kg/day with a range of 1.69-5.33 g/kg/day. When alcohol...
Previous studies in this laboratory have shown that feeding of ethanol to rats produces prompt inhibition of methionine synthetase (MS) as well as a subsequent increase in activity of betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT). Further studies have shown that supplemental dietary betaine enhanced methionine metabolism and S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) generation in control and ethanol-fed rats. ...
The current investigation focused on lymphoid cell populations of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a total enteral nutrition diet in which ethanol provided 38% of the total calories. Rats received the National Research Council (NRC) recommended daily intake of nutrients 35 days. An evaluation of lymphocyte populations from peripheral blood demonstrated a decrease in the absolute number of B cells...
The mechanism of ethanol action at serotonergic neuronal systems in the brain was investigated by examining the effects of alcohols on the activity of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) in vitro using natural type of biopterin as cofactor. Alcohols inhibited the activity of TPH prepared from rat brain in a noncompetitive manner with respect to both the biopterin cofactor and the l-tryptophan substrate...
We investigated the effect of chronic ethanol feeding on the EGF receptor in rat stomach. Adult male rats were fed either an isocaloric control or ethanol (EtOH)-containing liquid diet (36% total calories as EtOH) for 4 weeks. EtOH significantly reduced the specific binding of 125 I-EGF to the gastric mucosal membrane (control vs. EtOH, 2.07 ± 0.2 vs. 0.94 ± 0.16 fmol/mg protein;...
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) has long been implicated in the etiology of aberrant consumption of alcohol. Several compounds thought to possess a potential therapeutic value to counteract drinking have high affinities for 5-HT 1A and 5-HT 2A receptors in the brain. For example, amperozide and FG5865 significantly reduce the volitional intake of alcohol, without...
This section of the journal is designed to provide readers with reviews of recent literature, and to stimulate research on questions that are important in the treatment and prevention of alcohol addiction. Research can provide insight into the causes of alcohol abuse and addiction, as well as answers to questions concerning the biomedical and psychological consequences of alcohol consumption. The...
Using a prospective longitudinal design, differences between abstinent alcohol-dependent patients (n = 15) and abstinent healthy volunteers (n = 11) were determined with respect to their psychological functioning and alcohol consumption patterns following abstinence. Results showed no differences in alcohol consumption. In 20% of the patients and 9% of the controls more than 10% of protocols indicated...
Agents affecting serotonergic (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) function influence ethanol consumption in rats and primates. In the present study female Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to orally self-administer 8% ethanol (v/v) in a large operant chamber in a 60-min test period by a prandial drinking technique. The number of responses, ethanol reinforcers (dipper deliveries), and ethanol consumption...
The goal of this investigation was to determine whether chronic ethanol exposure alters the expression of specific protein sites distal to receptors [G q11 -protein, phospholipase C (PLC) isozymes] in primary cultures of astrocytes obtained from neonatal rat cortex. The protein expression (immunolabeling) of the PLC-β 1 , -γ 1 , -δ 1 isozymes and of the G...
When prothrombin is mixed with acetaldehyde (AcH), the primary metabolite of ethanol, at room temperature for 30 min, dialyzed to remove excess AcH, and then activated withEchis carinatus venom (ECV), a prolonged clotting time is observed. Similarly treated prothrombin, however, readily hydrolyzes the synthetic substrate, benzoyl-dl-arginine-β-naphthylamide (BANA). These results suggest that AcH...
Adult male rats of the alcohol-preferring (P) line (N = 10) and high alcohol drinking (HAD) line (N = 12) were used to study the effects of IP administration of 0.125-0.50 mg/kg 7-OH DPAT (a putative D 3 agonist) and 0.25-1.0 mg/kg apomorphine (a dopamine agonist with 50-fold higher affinities for the D 1 and D 2 receptors than for the D 3 receptor) on the concurrent...
Exposure to ethanol is known to alter the development of the serotonergic system. However, previous studies have examined large populations of cells and have not determined the effects of ethanol on individual serotonergic neurons. In the present study, the effects of various concentrations of ethanol on the development of single serotonergic neurons in the chick embryo spinal cord were determined...
Female rats receiving alcohol (20%) in drinking water during lactation (AL) were compared to pair-fed animals (PF) and normal controls (C) fed ad lib. All animals were killed on the 12th day of lactation. When compared to C rats, food intake decreased in both AL and PF groups, and this effect was followed by a lower body weight and mammary gland (MG), liver, and parametrial adipose tissue weights...
Epidemiologic studies suggest that daily ingestion of small amounts of alcohol may protect the heart, whereas higher intake may be detrimental. We studied: 1) cardiac performance, bioenergetics, and [Mg 2+ ] i of isolated working rat hearts during perfusion with Krebs-Henseleit medium containing different concentrations of ethanol (EtOH), 2) mechanical responses, Ca 2 ...
Deficiency of folic acid, an essential vitamin involved in critical metabolic pathways, occurs in several conditions, including alcoholism. In humans and animal models, chronic ethanol consumption leads to decreased plasma levels and increased urinary levels of folate. An isolated perfused rat kidney model has shown that ethanol produces increased urinary excretion of folate, suggesting a direct...
Three experiments examined the effects of acute alcohol intoxication on olfactory conditioning in infant (16 days old) and adult rats (60-65 days old). In both age groups, alcohol administration (2 g/kg, IG) prior to conditioning procedures failed to affect subsequent expression of methyl-conditioned aversions in a two-way odor locational test. Nevertheless, whenever this same alcohol dose was administered...
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