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Neuroadaptive changes that occur in the development of ethanol tolerance may be the result of alterations in gene expression. We have shown that PKCγ wild-type mice develop tolerance to the sedative-hypnotic effects of ethanol after chronic ethanol treatment; whereas, mutant mice do not, making these genotypes a suitable model for identifying changes in gene expression related to tolerance development...
The consequences of alcoholism on the mental health of spouses of lifetime at-risk drinkers are only known from studies on alcoholics already in treatment. A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from a Quebec community health survey. The purpose of this study was twofold. First, our goal was to ascertain the mental health of female spouses living with a male lifetime at-risk drinker. Secondly,...
The present experiment used a behavioral model developed to separate the initial behavior required to obtain access to ethanol (appetitive responding or lever presses) from the actual self-administration (consummatory responding or intake) to test the hypothesis that these responses are under the control of different behavioral/physiological processes, and therefore differentially affected by an ethanol...
This article describes the proceedings of the 2006 Annual Meeting of the Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Study Group (FASDSG), which was held in Baltimore, Maryland on June 24, 2006. The meeting was held in conjunction with the annual meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism and was supported by a grant from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. The 2005–2006 FASDSG officers,...
Chronic ethanol (EtOH) drinking produces neuronal alterations within the limbic system. To investigate changes in protein expression levels associated with EtOH drinking, inbred alcohol-preferring (iP) rats were given one of three EtOH access conditions in their home-cages: continuous ethanol (CE: 24h/day, 7days/week access to EtOH), multiple scheduled access (MSA: four 1-h sessions during the dark...
Techniques for high-throughput measurement of protein expression and posttranslational modification are just beginning to be applied to alcohol research. Studies using this proteomic approach to examine tissue from alcoholic humans and alcohol-exposed nonhuman primates have appeared in the last year. In the present issue of Alcohol, Bell et al. present the first such analysis of brain protein expression...
Exposure to ethanol during the last days of gestation (1 or 2/kg) has been shown to induce greater ethanol intake as well as enhanced ethanol palatability in infant rats compared to pups without previous experience with the drug. This higher acceptance of ethanol seems to result from the prenatal association between the chemosensory aspects of ethanol and its reinforcing properties; the latter mediated...
Ethanol (EtOH) damages the hippocampus, a brain region that is involved in learning and memory processes. The mechanisms responsible for this effect of EtOH are not fully understood. We recently demonstrated that acute EtOH exposure potently stimulates oscillatory activity driven by the excitatory actions of GABA in the CA3 region of the neonatal rat hippocampus. This activity can be recorded during...
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ethanol on synaptic transmission in the dorsal striatum in rat brain slices. The effects of ethanol on corticostriatal synaptic transmission were tested by whole-cell voltage-clamp recording. Ethanol significantly decreased corticostriatal excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in a dose-dependent manner (10–200mM). However, the paired-pulse...
Ethanol craving plays a major role in relapse drinking behavior. Relapse and ethanol craving are an important focus for the treatment of alcoholism. The ethanol-deprivation effect (EDE) is a widely used animal model of alcohol craving. While the EDE is widely studied in rats, the molecular mechanisms underlying EDE are not clearly understood. The C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is widely used for behavioral...
Past research has indicated that chronic ethanol exposure enhances dopamine (DA) neurotransmission in several brain regions. The present study examined the effects of chronic ethanol drinking on dopamine transporter (DAT) function in the nucleus accumbens (Acb) of High-Alcohol-Drinking replicate line 1 (HAD-1) rats. HAD rats were given concurrent 24-h access to 15% ethanol and water or water alone...
Many studies suggest a role for endogenous opioid peptides and their receptors in regulation of ethanol intake. It is commonly accepted that the κ-opioid receptors and their endogenous ligands, dynorphins, produce a dysphoric state and therefore may be responsible for avoidance of alcohol. We used mutant mice lacking preprodynorphin in a variety of behavioral tests of alcohol actions. Null mutant...
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the genetic reduction of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) on voluntary ethanol consumption and conditioned place preference (CPP) using VMAT2 heterozygote knockout mice [VMAT2(+/−)]. Ethanol preference and consumption were assessed in a two-bottle choice procedure, and rewarding properties of ethanol were determined using a CPP paradigm...
In this paper, we reviewed all existing studies using electroencephalography (EEG) in infants and children with known prenatal exposure to alcohol (PEA). The guiding purposes of the review were to determine if (1) EEG is a useful neuroimaging technique for investigating the brain correlates of PEA in infants and children, (2) there are indeed consistent EEG correlates of PEA in literature, and (3)...
Brain regional γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptor subunit mRNA expression was studied in ethanol-preferring AA (Alko, Alcohol) rats after moderate ethanol drinking for up to 2 years of age. In situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes specific for 13 different subunits was used with coronal cryostat sections of the brains. Selective alterations were observed by ethanol exposure...
The objectives of the present study were to (a) examine the effects of activating serotonin-3 (5-HT 3 ) receptors on dopamine (DA) release in the anterior and posterior ventral tegmental area (VTA) of Wistar rats and (b) determine if there are differences in 5-HT 3 –stimulated DA release in the VTA between alcohol-preferring (P) and Wistar rats. Local perfusion with the 5-HT 3...
Individuals affected by liver steatosis seldom have symptoms of liver injury, but may be particularly vulnerable to oxidative insults. In this study, we evaluated liver redox alterations produced by acute ethanol administration to rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Adult male Wistar rats were fed HFD or standard diet (controls) for 1 month; a group of animals from each condition were gavaged...
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