The present work reports on the corrosion behavior and antibacterial activity of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes in dependence of annealing temperature. TiO2 nanotubes are grown by anodic oxidation of Ti and are further annealed (350–750°C). Besides the morphological and compositional changes due to annealing, the corrosion resistance and antibacterial activity are significantly improved. Namely, antibacterial activity of 650°C and 750°C annealed nanotubes shows the best results for Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with 40% and 80% increase in the growth inhibition index, respectively. Furthermore, such nanostructures are non-haemolytic and present enhanced haemocompatibility compared to amorphous or lower-temperature annealed nanotubes.