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Levulinic acid can be converted to γ-valerolactone in 83–86% yield under microwave heating with 10mg of 5% Pd/C per mmol levulinic acid as the catalyst and 2.0 equivalents of KOH in ethanol or iso-propanol. The alcohol is used as the hydrogen source as well as the solvent. Pd/C catalyst could be reused for five catalytic cycles without appreciable loss in activity.
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