About 60 strobilar specimens of six Lepidostrobus species (Lepidostrobus sternbergii, Lepidostrobus nemejcii sp. nov., Lepidostrobus thomasii sp. nov., Lepidostrobus obovatus, Lepidostrobus ronnaensis sp. nov. and Lepidostrobus stephanicus) and their microspores from the Bohemian Late Palaeozoic continental basins were studied. The stratigraphical range of cones is from the Langsettian to the Stephanian B. Microspores isolated from six species of Lepidostrobus cones belong to six dispersed spore species of the genus Lycospora. Lepidostrobus crassus was synonymised with L. sternbergii based on identical spore content and closely similar morphology of the type specimens of both species. Lepidostrobus nemejcii, L. thomasii and L. ronnaensis have been erected as new species according to the cone morphology, spore content and parent plant. Ecological constraints of all the species are discussed. Two groups of species preferring different habitats were distinguished. The first group consists of species that preferred clastic to mixed peat/clastic substrates and high water table. Their parent plants grew either in clastic swamps along the lake margins and shallows or in planar mires frequently disturbed by clastic input during floodings. This group involves most of the studied species and their parent plants. Differences between habitats of the species of this group are indicated but their precise specifications needs further investigation. The second group involves only L. ronnaensis and its parent plant Lepidodendron ophiurus (sensu Nemejc). It preferred peat substrate of planar eutrophic mires with only minor clastic disturbances. The palynological comparison with in situ lycospores from compressed and petrified Lepidostrobus cones is made.