Inclusions of sp-hybridised, trans-polyacetylene [trans-(CH) x ] and poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) chains are revealed using resonant Raman scattering (RRS) investigation of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a-C:H) films in the near IR – UV range. The RRS spectra of trans-(CH) x core A g modes and the PPV CC–H phenylene mode are found to transform and disperse as the laser excitation energy ℏωL is increased from near IR through visible to UV, whereas sp-bonded inclusions only become evident in UV. This is attributed to ℏωL probing of trans-(CH) x chain inhomogeneity and the distribution of chains with varying conjugation length; for PPV to the resonant probing of phelynene ring disorder; and for sp segments, to ℏωL probing of a local band gap of end-terminated polyynes. The IR spectra analysis confirmed the presence of sp, trans-(CH) x and PPV inclusions. The obtained RRS results for a-C:H denote differentiation between the core A g trans-(CH) x modes and the PPV phenylene mode. Furthermore, it was found that at various laser excitation energies the changes in Raman spectra features for trans-(CH) x segments included in an amorphous carbon matrix are the same as in bulk trans-polyacetylene. The latter finding can be used to facilitate identification of trans-(CH) x in the spectra of complex carbonaceous materials.