Cognitive-behavioral interventions have gained wide acceptance as effective treatments for reducing distress and disability among persons with chronic pain. Although cognitive and behavioral theories, and their subsequent applications, were initially developed in independent academic camps, they have been woven together effectively in the field of chronic pain. Research supports clinicians' perceptions of the efficacy of these interventions applied within comprehensive treatment programs. Evidence for their cost-efficiency or cost-offset potential is scant, however. Existing data suggest that outpatient programs incorporating cognitive-behavioral interventions are effective, but further cost and outcome data are needed to convince health care purchasers of the value of these interventions. Research, in cooperation with insurers, to develop outcome indices incorporating cost and quality of life is most needed. Longitudinal studies to document the potential economic value of pain treatment incorporating cognitive-behavioral interventions should be the major focus of future research.