To study the constituents of Rheum palmatum. Chromatographic separations of silica gel and polyamide were used. All the structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic analysis. Nine compounds were isolated and their structure were identified as 2, 5-dimethyl-6, 8-dihydroxy-chromone (1), 1-methyl-2, 8-dihydroxy- 3-carboxy −9, 10-anthraquinone (2), citreorosein (3), 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone (4), 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone-4′-O-β-D- (2″-galloyl-6″-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (5), trans-3, 5, 4′-trihydroxystilbene-4′-O-β-D-(6″-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (6), 4-(4- hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone-4′-O-β-D-(6″-O-cinnamoyl)-glucopyranoside (7), 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-butanone-4′-O-β-D-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside (8), trans-3, 5, 4′-trihydroxystilbene-4′-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9). Compounds 1 and 2 were newly isolated from Rheum palmatum.